Educação do campo e memória coletiva - movimentos sociais na luta pela terra no município de Japeri/RJ

Abstract

The object of the investigation was the study of the land struggle movements in the Rio d'Ouro and Santo Antônio, Japeri/RJ regions between 1940 and 1970 years, it proposes to study the relationship between these social movements and their possible impacts on the pedagogical actions of rural schools over time. The problematic issue was: it is possible to perceive the presence of the memory of the earth fights fought in Rio d‟Ouro and Santo Antônio in the school practices of the municipal schools of these regions? Proposing to think of Rural Education as a viable instrument of collective memory construction their specific goals were know these social movements, understand and analyze Rural Education as a possibility of memory construction as well as know and examine the political-pedagogical practices developed by the rural municipal schools. To achieve the intended scope the threestage path was built: Social Movements in the Struggle for the Earth, Collective Memory and Field Education. Quantitative research, adding elements of bibliodocumentary research and developed methodologically, from the perspective of participant observation. Theoretically dialogued with Paulo Freire and Antonio Gramsci in your overall framework. As strategies bibliographic search was used; document analysis; the use of oral sources; evidence; structured and semi-structured interviews; visits to schools and the collection and analysis of statistical data from official institutions on education of this municipality. Regarding land struggles, the survey found that there were different directions that fit the realities of each region in Rio d'Ouro based on cattle breeding, the investigation found that there were takeover in various ways - ownership, exchanges, sales - by heterogeneous groups of people without, however, characterizing a social movement. In Santo Antônio, differently, the peasants organized themselves into an association that supported the struggle for land tenure between squatters, land grabbers and would-be landowners. With regard to municipal schools in the region, difficulties were detected by managers and teachers in understanding and promoting pedagogical actions that refer to the memory of the region and the struggles for land in the researched period. The study assessed that the difficulties were caused, in part, by the changes that occurred with the municipalization of Rio d'Ouro State School in 2012 that affected the Santo Antônio Municipal School and caused the arrival of professionals without ties to the region. Contributed to this context the 'erasure' of the memory of the local community.