O desenvolvimento da literatura lírico- amorosa no Egito Antigo: individualidade, gênero e religiosidade no Período Raméssida (XIX-XX dinastias, 1295-1069 a.C.)

Abstract

In this research, we have proposed a historical-literary study about the development of ancient Egyptian literature, based on the love poems they produced during the New Kingdom (1550-1069 B.C.), especially during the Ramesside Period (XIX-XX dynasties, 1295-1069 B.C.). Through the observation of indicative representations of individualism, gender constructions and individual religious practices – personal piety –, we are going to work with the social history of literature, in order to understand how and why this type of texts began to be reproduced with these features during that time. To do so, we are going to use the analysis methodology of semantic block, dividing the main aspects of the poems into thematic units. Therefore, at the end of our appreciation, it will be possible to understand how Egyptian literature would figured as a sociocultural expression will encompass the reality aspects in which it fits and, consequently, the way of thinking of the individuals who were inserted in it. The objectives of this work are, therefore, to analyze love poems, to seek to elucidate how the feeling of love – which is a representation of individuality –, the diversity of female and male representations, and individual religiosity are not only present in them, how they illustrate the Egyptian way of acting and thinking, reflecting the sociocultural context of the Ramesside Period. We are also going to try to understand the historical conjuncture that contributed to changes in the collective mentality, allowing the Egyptians to have a perception of themselves as individuals and, consequently, a more personal and subjective literary production; we will observe the gender relations portrayed in these poems; and we will discuss who produced these texts and to whom they were intended for, bearing in mind all the sources that will serve as the basis for this research were found in the workers' village of Deir el-Medina or its surroundings.