Produção de adubo orgânico, a partir de resíduos domésticos, no ensino técnico do curso de agropecuária: uma proposta ecológica para a horta escolar do campus Eirunepé-AM

Abstract

This research was conducted at the Federal Institute of Amazonas – Campus Eirunepé with a class of 30 students (target audience) of the second grade of the vocational high school of the Technical Course in Agriculture in the 2019 school year. With the main objective the production of fertilizer from the processing of domestic organic waste from the municipality of Eirunepé-AM, and contribute significantly as a tool for environmental and food education. In the first moment lectures were held with the students relating the themes and soon after, the methodology of applying questionnaires with open and closed questions was used. Questionnaires were applied to 50 families belonging to the local community, aiming to obtain information regarding composting and their commitment to participate in the separation of organic waste for the collection and preparation of organic fertilizer from composting. Then a compost was built on the model of the windrow that is made on the ground, as if it were a flowerbed or a mound, when the fertilizer was ready, a sample was taken for physical/chemical analysis in the laboratory, to verify its characteristics. After the compost was ready, the pot was planted and the vegetables used were lettuce, arugula and coriander. Each vegetable was planted in five pots (and repeated at 6x each fertilizer concentration) with different proportions of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the fertilizer, according to recommendations of the Campinas Agronomist Institute (IAC), so that it can be vegetable development and comparisons at the end of the analysis regarding nutrients were verified. Afterwards, the harvest was carried out to perform the feeding practice using the vegetables cultivated. The students accepted the dishes offered well, being receptive to including vegetables in their daily diet. The production of healthy and agrochemical-free foods promotes community awareness through the adoption and transmission of alternative production methods. The compost produced from these residues is rich in nutrients and organic matter that, when returned to the soil, stimulates the life of the earth and contributes greatly to the development and nutrition of plants and the maintenance of soil life and fertility. The participation of the students was extremely important for the construction of the work, as many had no idea of the importance of the activity of organic waste separation and its advantages for sustainability. However, their contribution in this regard was of utmost importance to the end result of the whole process. When we prove that the project is viable and deserves to continue for the next years, aiming to involve more and more actors who do not participate yet and other courses of the School itself