Desenvolvimento de texto base para uma norma técnica brasileira para o cultivo de moluscos bivalves

Abstract

Aquaculture has been outstanding in food production, with great potential for growth in the Brazilian fish industry not only by favorable climate and environmental conditions in the country but also for the opportunity to better control of the cultivated population However, for the full potential is realized and the aquaculture industry becomes increasingly competitive and representative, it is necessary to establish standards, criteria and legal instruments containing best management practices to guide its activities. In this scenario, a useful tool for targeting and solving different types of problems is a Technical Standard specific for the cultivation of bivalve molluscs in Brazil. The objective of this work is to develop a base text for a Brazilian Technical Standard for the bivalve molluscs cultivation. Standards, national and international pipelines and Brazilian laws related to cultivation were identified; the percentage of compliance with the requirements of the Brazilian Technical Standard design was found, as well as a determination of the relationship between compliance with requirements and the characterization of farms and socioeconomic status of producers. As a result, important international standards have been identified, such as the Food Alliance, Friend of the Sea, Aquaculture Stewardship Council, Global Aquaculture Alliance and Global Gap which are of great use to the responsible and safe production of products, but contains requirements difficult to apply on the Brazilian reality. A Brazilian initiative has been identified, the certification of the Florianópolis oysters quality, which involved monitoring the stages of production, management, punishment and marketing of oysters, but the investment that kept the certification was ceased and it was extinguished, leaving a gap in the farms in Brazil. In checking the compliance percentage of Technical Standard Project, 10 farms in Santa Catarina and one in Rio de Janeiro were visited. The requirements for the animal health monitoring had the highest percentage of attendance, with 95.5%, while the personal hygiene requirements; stocking density and noise emissions were less care, with 9.1; 0 and 9.1%, respectively. It was observed that the farm that most met the standard requirements reached 79.7% coverage while the lowest rate was achieved by the producer who answered to 33.3% of the requirements. It was observed that the greater the number of employees, longlines and the larger size of the farm, the greater the percentage of compliance with the requirements. Possibly the highest percentage achieved by farms can be explained by the ability of producers to have better organization of the farm structure, with greater control over their activities, greater monitoring and documenting events and thus better knowing their reality. Lack for those who achieved a lower percentage, primarily the awareness that the records are important, as well as training and professional training within the farms.