Aplicação da análise de riscos como ferramenta para a garantia do alimento seguro e da sustentabilidade: estudo de caso na tilapicultura

Abstract

Aquaculture becomes as new or alternative production and cultivation of fish, driven by rising world population, mainly in order to meet the increased demand protein. Thus the objectives of this study were to identify the key environmental aspects, hazards to food safety and health and worker safety during cultivation of tilapia; analyze the environmental impacts and risks to food security and safety, and propose solutions to mitigate the impacts and risks encountered during the cultivation of tilapia, realized that since the acquisition of fingerlings to their shipment to the warehouse. Environmental and health and safety were addressed through the application of Risk Analysis Matrix Probability / Consequence (ISO / IEC 31010:2002), which allowed a generic classification on the aspects mentioned above. Regarding the identification of hazards and risks related to food safety, we performed a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points. The study was descriptive about the purposes, and the means we used field research and literature, as well as multiple case study, where the data collection from the farmers, was accomplished through the use of questionnaires and interviews. The results showed as major risks to the environment, the installation of mangrove nurseries, water use, intersection of exotic species, discharge of effluents, use of veterinary drugs, health and worker safety were found activity in the open , contact with water, feeding, venomous animals, handling and veterinary chemicals. As for the food safety hazards were obtained as waste chemicals (fertilizers, products used to sanitize utensils) and veterinarians; microbiological contamination by the use of ice to the slaughter and transport of tilapia for domestic animal waste, as well as contamination through the use of utensils. Finally it was concluded that the application of risk analysis and dangers in growing tilapia suggests that there are conditions to mitigate them, and serve as the initial basis for the development of sanitary control measures as technical regulations for tilapia culture, and thus achieve the level of excellence in the practice of fish farming on a sustainable basis.