Proposta de intervenção pedagógica para estudo e uso dos pronomes relativos e das sentenças relativas/adjetivas no ensino fundamental

Abstract

This work aims to present a proposal for a pedagogical intervention for the study and use of relative pronouns and relative sentences - traditionally considered adjective subordinate clauses. This proposal was drafted from a diagnosis made in 2014 in an elementary public school in the municipality of Itaguaí / RJ, with three segments: teacher, student and textbook. Compared to the first segment, we relied on responses from a questionnaire applied to the school teachers, to get to know their beliefs and attitudes regarding the use and study of this linguistic phenomenon; with the students, all of them ninth graders, we proceeded to the analysis of essays produced by them in 2014 to verify the actual use made of these pronouns and clauses; regarding the textbook of Portuguese, adopted by the school unit, we examined the methodological basis underlying the didactic proposal offered by this feature with regard to pronouns and mentioned sentences. The results obtained from the diagnosis showed that teachers recognize that among the sentences prescribed by the standard norm, students use frequently in speech and writing, the structures that do not require preposition, such as "The book which I bought is torn" and "I know the guy who appeared in the newspaper," but they do not know, and therefore do not use constructs such as "That's the teacher whom I like best", in whose place they produce sentences like "This is the teacher I like best" and "This is the teacher that I like better him", which diverge from this idealized standard. The essays used for the diagnosis confirm this teachers’ intuition, not occurring, in these texts, just the kind of relative of the last example. The analysis of textbooks has shown that this teaching resource hardly explores the actual use of such syntactic structures, focusing on normative precept. As for pedagogical intervention itself, we relied on the model of Bortoni-Ricardo continuous (2004 e 2005), with emphasis on continuous monitoring stylistic, situated in the perspective of the language in use (Mollica and Roncarati, 2014; Oliveira and Coelho, 2003; Melo, Cyranka and Silva, 2010; Martins and Moura, 2014; Bortoni-Ricardo, 2005), and in the didactic proposal for collaborative learning of Moran, Masetto and Behrens (2013).