Efeito do enxerto ósseo córtico-esponjoso no reparo de falha cortical ulnar de Galinhas domésticas

Abstract

Fractures in birds represent a challenge for surgeons because bone peculiar characteristics associated with the type of trauma which these species are exposed, in many cases determine the type comminuted fractures or even loss of bone segments.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cortico-cancellous bone grafting in osteogenesis in cortical ulnar failure of domestic chickens (Gallus domesticus) by the clinical, radiological and histopathological study of bone healing. Eighteen female chickens, weighting two and half kilograms with approximately 70 weeks were used. In order to reduce the numbers of animals the both wings were used. For the purpose of reducing the number of animals used, they were subjected to surgical process on both wings, each included in the Control group (Group I) or treated (Group II), and randomly divided into four sub-groups according to the observation period. After fasting from food and water six hours was applied pre-anesthesia and subsequently performed with mask induction followed by intubation and maintenance circuit rebreathing. After reaching the proper anesthetic plane, the side of right ulna was surgically accessed, where it was created a failure of cortical approximately 3.3 mm in width and 1.6 mm in depth. The same procedure was performed in the left wing and after surgical access to the keel of the sternum were removed two bone fragments, which were immediately cut into pieces of approximately 3mm and implanted in bone defects already created in the left ulna. Clinical evaluation was done daily until the 10th postoperative day, then going to weekly until the end of the observation period of each group (14, 35, 60 and 90 days) when the animals were killed with sodium pentobarbital and fragments were collected from right and left ulnae achievement of histopathological and radiographic postmortem injuries. The only abnormality observed was hematoma, with resolution to 5 days. Comparing groups I and II at different times, it was observed that there was a statistically significant difference (p <0.05) in the radiological and histological parameters of proliferation between control and treated groups at 35 and 90 days after surgery. However, at times 14 and 60 days there were no significant differences. Compared to the 18 animals of the treated and control groups without taking into account the time of observation, a statistically significant difference was noted (p <0.05) between the two groups. Based on these results, we can conclude that the evolutionary process of incorporation of cortico-cancellous bone graft was found to be quite similar to that reported in small animals, and has demonstrated a satisfactory osteogenic potential, even revealing the need for a time to suffer greater bone remodeling when placed on bone defects stable form small gaps.