Sazonalidade da fauna de Calliphoridae (Insecta, Diptera) e ocorrência de Microhimenópteros parasitóides (Insecta, Hymenoptera) de Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel, 1858) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), na região da Baixada Fluminense, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Abstract

Among the dipterans of medic-sanitary interest the blowfly families Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae are distinguished. Its occurrence, distribution and predominance in metropolitans areas are factors of great importance to the Public Health, because the adults are vectors of pathogens for the man and its larvae attack the man in such a way as animal domestic servants. The capture of the calliphorid fauna with traps, bait with viscera cool of chicken, in three distinct ecotypes (agricultural, urban and forest). 31.480 califorídeos dipterans distributed in the following species had been captured: Chrysomya megacephala (54,45%), C. putoria (11,18%), C. albiceps (13,63%), Phaenicia eximia (5,90%), P. cuprina (1,07%), Cochliomyia macellaria would (9,06%), C. hominivorax (0,53%), Hemilucilia segmentaria would (0,80%), H. semidiaphana (1,40%), Mesembrinella bellardiana (1,24%), Eumesembrinella sp. (0,51%), Chloroprocta idioidea (0,09%) and P. sericata (0,13%). The Sinanthropy Index and Seasonal Fluctuation and the Coefficient of Constancy of the species between the autumn of the 2002 and summer of 2004 had been determined. C. albiceps had the highest Sinanthropy Index (IS = + 41,7) conferring to this species was has Preference for Inhabited Areas. Also C. megacephala (IS = +33.01), C. putoria (IS = +25.1), C. hominivorax (IS = +24.1), C. macellaria would (IS = +21,14), P. cuprina (IS = +18,78), P. eximia (-9,67) species with Preference for Inhabited Areas and finally H. segmentaria, H. semidiaphana, M. bellardiana, Eumesembrinella sp., C. idioidea, P. sericata all pertaining to the group, according to data, that possess Complete Absence in Inhabited Areas (IS = -100). The microhimenopteran parasitoids are important tools in the biological control of flies of economic importance that cause damages to the health of human being and other animals. The captures had occurred between january and december of 2004 in urban, rural and forest area. 1.528 larvae of C. hominivorax (Coquerel, 1858) had been used as bait, 505 in the urban one, 556 in agricultural and the 467 in the forested one. The Sinanthropy Index, Coefficient of Constancy, the risk of parasitism (Odds Ratio) between the areas had been calculated, prevalence and parasitic intensity. The percentage was 46,6%. Aphaereta laeviuscula (Spinola, 1851) was captured only in agricultural environment, its indices had been: Sinanthropy I. = +50, C. constancy =25%, prevalence =0,72% and I. parasitoid =44,5; on the other hand Nasonia vitripennis (Walker, 1836) was captured in the areas agricultural and urban and the indices had been: Sinanthropy I. = +98, C. constance =58.3%, Odds Ratio = IC95% = 0,025 < > 0,27, p<0,05, prevalence= 3,2% and I. parasitoid =7,35. The risk of parasitism for N. vitripennis in urban areas is high. It was registered the occurrence of A. laeviuscula as parasite of C. hominivorax in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Blowfly, Parasitoids, Sinanthropy, Seasonal Variation.