Geoprocessamento e análise ambiental para determinação de corredores de hábitat na Serra da Concórdia, Vale do Paraíba - RJ

Abstract

The principal goal of this paper is the formulation of a methodology that allowed the delimitation of the more suitable areas to corridors on Serra da Concórdia, Paraíba River Valley, Rio de Janeiro State, using geoprocessing tools. The fragmentation status and the permanent preservation areas status were processed and analysed. Were also processed the soils, the use of the land, the legal destination of the areas, slope, aspect and surfaces curvature, generating thematics maps on a 1:50.000 scale. The steps were produced with the softwares Arcview, Armap, Arcinfo, GPS Track Maker e PCOrd. There were determined weights between zero and one to the attributes of the themes according to their suitability of forest recovering. These themes were then processed with map algebra to generate the areas according to their potential for the establishment of corridors. To evaluate the dynamics of the forest recovering in the period between 1985 and 2004 were used images of different sensors. There were found six soils classes, the most representative of them Cambissolos Háplicos tb distrtóficos, that in association with Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico occupies 79,8% of the area. The secondary forests occupy the south faces of the hills much more than the north faces. The stages medium and advanced of the secondary forests represent about 49% of the area and are distributed in 72 fragments, two of them bigger than 1.000 ha. The permanent preservation areas represent 53% of Serra da Concórdia, being 62.3% of them recovered with secondary forest vegetation. There was a real increment of about 200 ha in the forested areas between 1985 and 2004. The distance among the fragments is small, only one of them is farer than 350 meters, which facilitates dispersion. However the fragments outlines are very irregulars and they have larges border areas, making them more vulnerables. The methodology used to generate the more suitable areas for corridors was efficient.