Política de cotas, função social e perfil socioeconômico dos estudantes ingressantes: uma análise do curso técnico em agropecuária do Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo – Campus Itapina

Abstract

Throughout Brazil, the campuses of the Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology register high rates of dropout and closure of courses since their foundations. In the state of Espírito Santo, institutions are experiencing these same stalemates. In this context, this research aims to carry out a case study on school dropout in the Integrated Technical Course for High School in Agriculture, from Escola Agrotécnica, from the Federal Institute of Espírito Santo (Ifes), Campus Itapina, district of the municipality of Colatina, to the North of the State, in the period from 2016 to 2019. The research is of a bibliographic, documentary and statistical nature, with the purpose of understanding the extent of the dropout phenomenon among quota students, under the administrative and teaching view. The theoretical framework is supported by renowned researchers on the subject; and as for documentary analysis, federal legislation that normalizes Federal Institutes and IFES internal documents was used. The primary objective was to survey the characteristics of the evaded public in the aforementioned teaching unit, in the period previously mentioned. Although not a single cause, the research pointed out that the economic factor seems to predominate over the other reasons that generate high dropout rates, being often accompanied by incongruence in the reconciliation of studies with work, even in the face of the understanding, albeit partial, of that the course will provide more opportunities for insertion in the job market. It was possible to perceive that the social quota is an important tool for social inclusion, since it allows students from the less favored classes to enter a recognized quality institution. In addition, it is clear that the issue of access is the main limiting factor regarding the presence of the poor, women, Indians and blacks in these institutions, since the mastery of the content and its subsequent approval was evident in the interpretation of the data.