História e Filosofia da Ciência e Natureza da Ciência: uma proposta de inserção da temática no ensino médio utilizando as leis da Termodinâmica

Abstract

In this work, we seek to build a proposal for the use of History and Philosophy of Science (HFC) in teaching, for the middle level, aiming to contributing to the construction in students of a conception about the nature of Science and its relations with the other elements of the social dynamics, understanding it as a human construction and strongly influenced by the socio-cultural factors of each era. Therefore, we seek to draw a panorama of the perception of basic education physics teachers on the subject, as well as to analyze which view on Science has been transmitted by the textbooks of this discipline, through the analysis of historical contents present in them. We have observed that there is a positive perception of teachers in relation to this historical approach, but that most textbooks analyzed do not bring historical content in a fully satisfactory way. Therefore, we developed a support material for the teacher, in the form of a paradidactic book, for use in high school, addressing the history of thermal machines and the development of the laws of Thermodynamics, capable of being configured as a useful instrument for insertion, in classroom, discussions about how scientific development occurs, not only including episodes of success, but also errors and controversies.