Afetividade e cognitividade nos processos de ensino e de aprendizagem na escola Estadual Municipalizada Bananal

Abstract

The objective of the present research was to investigate the meanings of affectivity and cognition in the teaching and learning processes. We set out as a general objective to investigate the possible conceptions of teachers about the relationship between the affective aspects and the cognitive development of students in multigrade classes at Escola Municipalizada Bananal, located in the municipality of Seropédica-RJ. In order to better direct the research and reach the general objective, we aimed at the following specific objectives: how teachers see the teaching process and its relationship with the learning process of their students; the identification of the existence of affective actions of teachers with their students; how the multigrade classes are planned; the investigation of the teacher's relationship with this school in a rural area and the investigation of experiences with pleasant and unpleasant tones contained in the teaching and learning process. This research aimed to bring to the discussion the importance of the affective relationship combined with learning in the school environment and its components. We carried out a cut of the last ten years with research carried out on affectivity or that address affectivity; at this stage, a timeframe was established, which allows us to understand how researchers focus on the subject. Affectivity is the basis of this study and we highlight its relevance in the paths of human formation; by understanding that all our actions and choices are influenced by affections, we understand that within the school environment it is no different. Therefore, we worked with the approach of recorded oral reports and written narratives – through questionnaires and interviews in the school unit –, with the intention of having access to the affections, analyzing if those involved had affective actions and if the results were successful in the learning of the students. During this route, the methodology of exploratory qualitative research was used, through which it was possible to use the natural environment as a source of data through direct investigation of the field; added to the literary review of the authors Wallon (2007), Mattos (2001), Freire (1987), Vygostky (1998), Damásio (2000), Dantas (1994), Maturana (2002), who contributed richly to the theme, this methodology raised the importance of affection: thinking about how pleasant and unpleasant tones influence our actions, how human behavior is impregnated with affection. The results of the research revealed that the teachers and the pedagogical team understand that the affective dimension, allied to the cognitive one, are important and indispensable for learning and that, many times, it becomes an act of survival, since humanity moves through of affections and tells his story throughout his life, through the thread of time, with a luggage full of stories, knowledge and experiences, whether they are pleasant or unpleasant.