Síndrome de Burnout em professores da rede pública de Seropédica e Itaguaí: prevalência e fatores associados

Abstract

The burnout syndrome, currently regarded as a public health problem by the World Health Organization (WHO), it is a disorder caused by recurrent attempts to overcome stress at work. It is characterized by achieving professionals whose function is directly related to direct contact with people. Research shows that teachers are currently the class professionals most affected by the syndrome, but are scarce national researches favoring change this reality. In order to expand research on the subject, this study proposed to investigate the prevalence of burnout syndrome in elementary school of public school teachers in the municipalities of Seropédica and Itaguai, as well as a sample of professionals with similar profile, which responded to the survey through the instruments available on the Internet, and to identify risk factors associated with its development. Conducted through a survey of cross-sectional study included the participation of 196 teachers of elementary school 1937 active professionals in Itaguai and Seropédica, and 412 teachers who accessed the instruments through the Internet. Found a prevalence of 28% and 57.4% in the sample of the survey in person in those municipalities and carried out online forms, respectively, through the use of MBI-ED instrument (Maslach Burnout inventory- Educators Survey). Knowing that burnout syndrome develops from dimensions that are independent, but related, it is important that were filled two criteria in 29.5% and 83, 9% of classroom and online samples, respectively, that being in same order, 33.20% and 96.3% were filling one dimension of the disorder. To assess the risk factors, one sociodemographic data questionnaire was built at the time of the research planning in conjunction with the use of QSP (Stress Questionnaire for Teachers), and some peculiarities findings differ between each sample. The first peculiarity concerns the type of educational institution, as the survey by internet, private school teachers participated in the sample, which did not occur in classroom research. However, analysis of the data of the second part of the QSP instrument was performed only in the sample from the face research. Therefore, knowing these quirks, the results will be presented. Therefore, knowing these quirks, the results will be presented. It was revealed the association Syndrome to the type of institution, namely, professionals working in public schools have a 2 times greater likelihood of developing the condition, however, none of the samples showed the education sector as a risk factor. The level of education was associated with the disorder, but the online survey corroborated most studies on the subject, revealing that the higher the education level, the higher the risk of developing the syndrome professional, while research has shown face a greater risk those who have not completed graduation. The number of students served per day was associated with the syndrome in online search, however this factor was not recognized in the study in Itaguai and Seropédica. In both samples, the variables'afastamento previous job for health reasons' and 'lack of support from the direction' were associated with the development of burnout. As for the variables investigated through the second part of the QSP instrument to face survey revealed an association with all the dimensions, ie, inappropriate behavior / discipline of students, time pressures / overwork, different abilities and motivations of students, career teaching, bureaucratic / administrative work and inadequate disciplinary policies, and a multiple regression analysis showed inadequate disciplinary policies and the different capacities and motivations of students as factors that annoy teachers. This may denote the hassle of teachers as that which is beyond its control with regard to misbehavior of the student and his good educational development. The results show the sickness and suffering of this class of workers, in similarity with data from other research conducted on the subject and reveal the need for improvement of working conditions offered to teachers of basic education.