Mulheres negras que não podem passar em branco: Trajetórias, escritas e a participação ativa nas páginas de " O Clarim da Alvorada" (1924-1940)

Abstract

This investigation intends to contribute to post abolition studies in Brazil, especially with regard to the historiography of black women and the Brazilian Black Press. The central objective is to question how they wer e affected by moralism during the first decades of the 20th century in São Paulo, and how issues related to race, class and gender permeated everyday life. In addition, they had active voices, and their demands and mobilizations for the black cause will be elucidated in order to observe the protagonism of these characters within that press. Among the nineteen writers of the periodical, we selected Evangelina Xavier de Carvalho in order to know her life trajectory within that social environment, as well as h er main demands, which were related to education, racialization, beauty and gender clashes. Furthermore, the actions and contexts created by individuals will also be analyzed, within troubled social scenarios, such as the beginning of the industrialization process in the city of São Paulo. We will reflect on the strategies used by the black population, within the field of possibilities they had, to get jobs and better ways of life. And, above all, how did black and female work take place in those times and what were the problems faced by those women. Thus, the aim of such analyzes is to remove the intellectuality of women who contributed to the formation and existence of the black movement in those times from invisibility, as well as to lead the reader to re flect on the gender clashes present behind the scenes of that press.