Análise dos custos de produção da tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) na região Sul Fluminense

Abstract

In recent years, fish farming has undergone successive transformations, consolidating itself as an important activity in national agribusiness. Highlighting mainly tilapia farming, an exotic species, which presents good adaptability, with fast growth, high productivity and with a defined technological package. Despite the progressive growth of fish farming, little importance has been given to the economic aspect of the activity in some regions. Then, the emerging need arose to better understand the economic aspects of tilapia farming, in addition to identifying the most relevant items in the composition of the production cost and the main parameters that influence its profitability. The production cost is one of the most important information for any productive activity, it would not be different for fish farming. It is mainly composed of feed expenses, which can reach 80% of the total production cost, being the main factor of production and one of the main obstacles to the activity. Thus, food management is of paramount importance to obtain better results of feed conversion and increase in weight gain, determining better zootechnical indexes, which will directly interfere in economic results. This work aimed to analyze the costs and the economic and financial viability in the production of Nile tilapia in different rearing systems in properties in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Data from 10 properties of different sizes, structures and production volume were evaluated, thus allowing a better estimate and understanding of the economic and zootechnical reality of fish farming in the State of Rio de Janeiro. The average production cost was R $ 4.51 / kg of live fish. Feed was the input that most influenced this result, accounting for 66.21% of production costs. Accompanied by 11.49% of expenditure on labor. The average value of Payback found was 0.65 years. Net Present Value, on the other hand, presented an average result of R $ 161,161.35 at a minimum attractiveness rate of 10% per year, for 10 years, with an Internal Rate of Return of 188%. From the results found for cost analysis, zootechnical indexes and the financial viability of Nile tilapia fish farms in the South Fluminense region it was found that the production of this fish by the studied producers is profitable.