A razão áurea na botânica – práticas contextualizadas utilizadas como elemento de motivação da educação matemática

Abstract

The central theme of this work is the use in the classroom of the interaction between Mathematics and Botany. The justification for choosing the subject is the undeniable presence of mathematical elements in Biology and the harmony resulting from their combination. To present and relate these two different areas, we will describe the concepts behind the irrational number, Fi (Φ), which is the result of a reason, called the Golden Ratio. First, we will bring the historical context in which the names of the main mathematicians, philosophers and thinkers are presented behind the projection of the Golden Reason. In this way, we will see that several mathematicians contributed to the evolution of concepts about the Golden Reason, without knowing that they did. Next, the theoretical constructions and bases for the observational field are described, which will be of great importance for the good development of classroom activities proposed here. Then their presence will be observed by means of images, which demonstrate with numbers the Golden Reason in their structures. The contextualization of the theme is proposed in a dynamic way inside and outside the classroom. We seek that this contextualization with natural elements, where man has not exerted influence in its forms and patterns, can contribute to the motivation of the students. We hope that the idea that studying mathematics is always to solve calculations on paper, without having a natural relation with the real world, is modified in the student's conception. Suggestions for activities will be presented with the objective of assisting the teacher during the approach of the contextualization between Golden Reason and Botany. However, several other activities can be developed within this theme. The application of some of these activities is part of this work, as well as a research with the students about the results obtained through this application. And so, while a lay observer can spend a lifetime without realizing the beauty and logical purpose behind various species in his garden - after reading this work, the reader will be introduced to a new way of looking at Mathematics. Concluding that contextualization is an indispensable element of student motivation, and that without this motivation, students can not visualize the mathematics around them and their concrete applications.