Aspectos clínicos epidemiológicos das neoplasias da cavidade oral de caninos e avaliação de diferentes protocolos no tratamento do melanoma oral

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to present the clinical epidemiological aspects of dogs treated with neoplasias in the oral cavity in the oncology sector of the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro between the years of 2011 and 2017 by means of a retrospective study of all medical records and a multicenter evaluation of several treatments in which 63 dogs diagnosed with melanoma in the oral cavity between 2012 and 2016 were submitted, analyzing the information obtained as age, race, sex, tumor size, tumor staging, clinical evolution, to establish a therapeutic protocol that is more appropriate for the treatment of this neoplasia. The neoplasias that affect the oral cavity of the dogs are quite heterogeneous. Those that have characteristics of malignancy have the unfavorable prognosis for tumor biology and the difficulty of establishing surgical margin of safety without loss of function and / or cosmetic result acceptable to the owners of the animals. Epidemiological data are important to establish a profile of the affected population and establish an early treatment strategy for dogs that fall within the risk range, seeking cure or providing quality of life when the prognosis is reserved. Melanoma in the oral cavity is an extremely aggressive neoplasm, object of studies in several countries, and has not yet established treatment protocol. The dog serves as the spontaneous animal model of this neoplasm in humans. The epidemiological data extracted from the archives showed that of the 2832 cases of neoplasms treated in the oncology sector in a period of 7 years (2011 to 2017), neoplasias of the oral cavity affected 176 animals (6.21%). Dogs with no defined breed were the most affected, mean age was 10 years, the main site affected was the maxilla and melanoma was the most prevalent neoplasia. In the multicentric study of dogs submitted to different therapies in the treatment of melanoma of the oral cavity, we observed that during the evolution of the disease, the animals that presented complete remission had an increase in survival compared to the other clinical evolutions. Animals that had a free surgical margin survived longer than those who did not obtain the free margin of the neoplasia. The present study demonstrated that in the treatment used to combat melanoma in the oral cavity in dogs, chemotherapy with carboplatin when being part of the protocol, increased the survival of the patients when compared with those who did not use the chemotherapeutic.