Desafios e Sugestões na Revisão do Marco Regulatório da Produção Vegetal Orgânica no Brasil

Abstract

Brazilian legislation on organic agriculture is a public regulation, built collectively by people from various sectors involved in agroecology and organic agriculture. Following the publication of Law 10,831, in December 2003, it is discussed for four years to reach the first regulatory act, Decree 6323/2007, and another three years until the first Normative Instructions, in 2009. Due to the wide participation of the final documents were presented, often with technical language and difficult to understand and practical application by the majority of farmers, who have a medium to low schooling profile in the country. Normative Instruction 46/2011, which establishes the Technical Regulation for Organic Animal and Vegetable Production Systems, in turn, also reflects this tendency, and has 117 articles and 449 devices. The discussion, revision and suggestion of this regulatory framework is the specific objective of this work, focusing on plant production, in which a reduction in the number of requirements is proposed, maintaining what is necessary to guarantee the organic quality in the various forms of evaluation of compliance, especially in the Social Control of PGSs and CSOs. The simplification of mandatory registrations aims to stimulate the regularization and adhesion of producers to the organic system and, consequently, increase the supply of products of high biological value to the population. Parallel to the reduction of requirements for regularization, it is selected devices, currently mandatory, to compose the Good Practices in Organic Agriculture, giving rise to a document to guide, plan and monitor the evolution of quality in organic production systems. The methodology to reach the criteria for choosing and segregating the devices, separating those that will be in a new IN of Conformity Assessment and removing from the current those that will integrate the Good Practices in Organic Agriculture, consists in the discussion of challenges and difficulties in the application of the norm various consultancies, including consultation with farmers, forums, managers of Participatory Conformity Assessment Bodies, CPOrgs and renowned technical experts, as well as the author's own experience, personally and professionally linked to the theme of agroecology and of organic agriculture and that for 13 years holds the position of public servant in MAPA, where he participated in the collective elaboration of the norms, acting in the promotion and control of organic quality. The main result of the proposal presented here, after a detailed evaluation of each of the devices in IN 46/11, is the reduction of 42.5% in total items and in the Organic Vegetable Production text, which represents 22% less to the entire Normative Instruction. The review of positive lists of substances and practices allowed for organic vegetable production, with suggestions, is also pointed at this work.