A construção de competências técnicas e a qualidade do leite nas propriedades de alunos do Instituto Federal Catarinense - Campus Concórdia

Abstract

This research was performed at the Federal Institute of Santa Catarina - Concordia Campus with a percentage of students concluding their third year of high school vocational Agricultural Technician Course, aimed at teaching and pedagogical education linked to the school curriculum, and their respective dairy farms. Throughout the study, the chemical and microbiological quality of refrigerated raw milk of 36% of the total of students (target public) with production systems and relatives associated to the activity were evaluated. The main goal is to develop the building of technical skills related to the approach of milk quality with the same participants, as well as their ability of acting as transmission agents of this knowledge in their properties. The examined properties are located in the cities of Arvoredo, Ipumirim, Irani, Ita, Lindoia do Sul, Peritiba, Seara e Xaxim, distributed in the Western region of Santa Catarina. As a proposed teaching methodology it was taught in the school year 2010 theoretical and practical classes in the technical vocational discipline of Dairy Cattle. Aiming to achieve not only the students understanding and mastery of technical content curriculum, but also to provide the development of technical aptitudes facing the statutory requirements of product quality, aiming to endorse better prospects to these students with the world of work and with instruction activities in Livestock Teaching contextualizing it with critical and creative professional practice. For confirmation of the success of this research and to be certain that it can continue this quest for developing better technical expertise in the institution, quantitative and qualitative methods were used, through the application of a questionnaire composed of closed questions to the students, as well as laboratory analysis of milk samples from the students’ properties in periods before and after the course. The measured data in the survey was tabulated and statistically compared by frequency distribution and by analysis of variance for linear models. From the results treatment, it was possible to establish results and critically discuss the relationship of empowerment and the building of technical abilities and their influences on compliance trends in milk composition. From the application of the research project and by changes in the pattern of responses to the questionnaire, where all variables showed a tendency of improvement, it is possible to evaluate that the guiding practice of this project favored the construction of technical knowledge widely, enabling the student to have a vision of much of the "whole" and the reality in which the milk quality theme is inserted. In comparison made between the moments of technical capability in relation to reports of milk quality, it can be noted, with exception of the standards Somatic Cell Count and Total Bacterial Count, that all indicators (fat, protein, lactose, total solids and solids without fat layer) of milk chemical quality also tended to improve after the technical discipline. However, the study has shown that best practices should be adopted under the overall quality of the milk, in the level of evaluated properties, to keep in compliance with current legislation.