Tecnologias para a produção orgânica e armazenamento de sementes de feijão-de-vagem cv. ‘Alessa’ no Estado do Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

The organic foods production in Brazil has shown rapid expansion, however, due to legislation, one of the problems is that it is difficult to obtain organic seeds. This study aimed to evaluate the phytosociology of weeds, agronomic and physiological quality of seeds of snap beans cv. 'Alessa' in Pinheiral / RJ, depending on the soil treatment with solarization and with the use of raffia soil as well as the storage in natural conditions and in cold chamber in Seropédica / RJ. Initially, a phytosociological study of weed communities on the field production of organic seeds of snap bean was conducted. The phytosociological study of weeds using the inventory square method, in two stages (before the process of solarization and thirty days after the sowing of snap bean) with the same period of raffia soil use. It was determined the relative frequency and the relative size of the dry mass of weeds. Solarization and ground cover causing a reduction in the number of families and species of weeds. The species Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertn, Cyperus esculentus L. and Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. were evaluated as potential competitors. The second study evaluated the effect of the techniques of "mulching", solarization and ground cover with raffia soil on the agronomic and physiological quality of seeds of snap bean. The soil treatments had no effect on the number of pods per plant and number of seeds per pod. The soil cover positively influenced the seed yield. Seed germination showed an increase due to the influence of soil cover and solarization, when not associated. The third study characterized the physiological quality of seed lots according to the treatment received in the second study, depending on the environment, natural or cold, and the storage time, in order to compare possible differences in the location of the field production. We used a lot of extra seed originated from the Campo Experimental de Avelar at PESAGRO-RIO. We evaluated the germination, vigor and seed moisture monthly throughout 120 days. The seed moisture content was reduced only in batches stored in the natural environment. The treatments applied to the soil did not affect the physiological characteristics of seeds during storage. The seed lots from Pinheiral performed better when compared to the CEA-PESAGRO/RIO