Comportamento produtivo e efeito da adubação orgânica no cultivo da amoreira-preta (Rubus spp.), na região Serrana do estado do Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

The blackberry is a fruit that makes up the niche of small red fruits, which is gaining in the exotic fruit market in Rio de Janeiro. Even if participating as an incipient compared, for example, whit the strawberry market. The blackberry known for its robustness responses positively to organic small family farming management. Perceived to be more suitable for jelly process, most commonly consumed as fresh fruit, its rapid perishability, makes it the most appropriate trade fruit on the spot market. The majority of the blackberry marketed in major Brazilian markets, such as the city of Rio de Janeiro, is derived from the southern Brazil or areas of lower latitude, and mild climate due to the higher altitude . Latter situation, which is located in the municipality of Nova Friburgo. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of development and productivity of blackberry (Rubus spp.), CV Tupy, the crops 2012/2013 and 2013/2014, compared with three forms of organic fertilizer, such as: organic compound, the combination: organic compound + castor cake and castor cake, compared with the control without fertilization. The experiment, conducted at the site Pacha Mama, the municipality of Nova Friburgo/RJ, assembled in randomized blocks with four treatments and six replications. It was evaluated in the 2012/2013 harvest, the number of fruits per plant, productive behavior throughout the harvest and time from pruning until early harvest. For the 2013/2014 harvest, were evaluated: the amount of fruit for each m2 of cultivation, phenology, starting the pruning in August 2013, the following temporal stages: average time of occurrence for the beginning of bud side; Floral Button still closed; Button with floral opening of the sepals; of anthesis; senescence of petals; Swelling of the fruit , but still with floral remnants ; Swelling of the fruit , but no floral debris; Change the green to reddish fruit ( ' veraison ' ); the fully red fruit; Home of browning berries; and pure black fruit (harvest ). It was also analyzed in this last harvest, the productive behavior along harvests. Made statistical analyzes evidenced the greatest positive effect of organic compound, prepared on site, on the organic production system blackberry in the mountainous region of the State of Rio de Janeiro. These results we note that the use of the compound promoted the highest number of fruits per plant and, consequently, increased productivity, that in two seasons and also promoted the anticipation of crops. As regards monitoring of crops of blackberry, the 2012/2013 crop production peak occurred in mid- January, while in 2013/2014, in late November harvest, demonstrating that despite the standard treatment, environmental factors as noted, are mandatory on this productive aspect of this plant. Thus, taking as a basis of organic compound fertilizer, cultivation of blackberry, CV Tupy in the organic system is very promising for the municipality of Nova Friburgo/RJ, compared with productivity levels prevailing in the regions of traditional crops and conventional.