Uso da metodologia de projetos visando uma aprendizagem significativa de física: estudo contextualizado das propriedades do solo

Abstract

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of methodology of projects in the context of the concepts of physics in the teaching of Soil Science, arousing interest in the scientific research while working as a team, contributing for the education of the student and promoting a meaningful learning. Such research is warranted because the contemporary pedagogical proposals must have a focus on new meaning of education, centered on the idea that education means preparing the individual to meet personal needs and desires of a society in constant transformation. Unfortunately, most schools have established a methodology represented by the traditional lecture, in whose model the teacher conveys to the student the content through the verbal exposition of the subject, exercises of memorization and retention. However, for learning to be meaningful it becomes necessary for one school with previous experience of students, allowing the formulation and solution of problems that encourage the construction of knowledge. The traditional methodology of physics has not met the goal of educating the young for the exercise of technical and scientific activities, being disconnected from the vocational subjects, therefore, does not attract the interest of the student, being unable to stimulate development skills of teamwork. In this sense, it is believed that the teaching-learning process could be enhanced with the implementation of interdisciplinary activities in order to understand concepts in physics laboratory activities in their professional practice. The research was conducted at IFES Campus Santa Teresa with a group of students from the Technical Course on Integrated Agricultural High School, enrolled in physics, consisting of 24 students. Initially, the students participated in educational activities of conceptual physics, and the theme generator design methodology was selected as the objective of developing an interdisciplinary and contextualized, referring to the concepts of soil. Following these concepts were used to carry out laboratory activities using the equipment available for the determination of texture, density, humidity and porosity of the soil samples, which resulted in completing reports. Students planned activities, preparing reports on their group, to determine the density, humidity and porosity of the fields according to the standard reports. Throughout this study, it was observed that the methodology allowed a greater interest by students, demonstrated by enthusiasm during the development of activities. It also promoted a better understanding of the concept of soil and a contextualized view of the behavior of soil water in the face of the texture features and their correlations with the physical quantities such as mass, density, velocity and humidity studied in high school. Project activities also allowed students to experience teamwork, allowing them to interact with equipment and materials, acquiring skills and acquire skills that only work on a project using the methodology.