Da reforma à (re)construção: as prescrições do Banco Mundial para os Estados nacionais (1989 - 2011)

Abstract

This work aims to study World Bank prescriptions for reform and reconstruction of national states in the post-Cold War Era, based on the analysis of the World Development Reportspublished in that period. The Bank played a key role in the economic and political reshaping of the peripheral states, within the frameworks of the neoliberal agenda, especially after the Latin American debt crisis of the 1980s. The organization played a prominent role in the proliferation of the package of measures summarized in the "Washington Consensus" and the debate about overcoming the itafter the crisis in the mid 1990s. In the following decade, in the wake of the attacks on the World Trade Center, the World Bank introduced measures related to security, with the "fragile states" as one of the central elements of its agenda and became one of the central actors in the field of reconstruction.During the proposed time frame, the agenda of state reform forged in the early 1990s remained on the agenda of the Bank, despite the conjuncturalchanges.Through the neoinstitutionalism, the agency produced what became known as the "Washington Consensus expanded," incorporating new areas to its reform package, increasing the areas and sophisticating intervention mechanisms.The agency's acting was also marked by the enlargement and politicization of its mandate. During the 1990s, through the category of "governance", the organization expanded its areas of operation and has been ever closer to the institutional engineering of states, building the framework of what it called an "effective state".In the following decade, with the agenda of international threats, the World Bank has achieved the idea of construction and a national state. The resulting agendacombined fighting threats to security, reform of the state and the "Washington Consensus expanded." On the one hand, there is the reform of the institutions of emerging as well as of poor states. On the other, there is the reconstruction of so-called failed states.