Trabalho, qualificação e precariedade:perspectivas profissionais de egressos do Curso Técnico em Agropecuária do Campus Crato do Instituto Federal do Ceará

Abstract

The crisis within the accumulation of capital which has been happening to almost four decades in the capitalist countries brought some deeper changes to the manners of production and in the work environment. Technological developments related to the new forms of production organization turned to require a new profile of worker, different from that one who was imposed by rigidity and fragmentation of the Taylor and Ford’s system. Taking into consideration that thechanges in thework areheterogeneous and comprehending that they need to be analyzed in relation to the geographic region and to the productive sector in which they occur, delimited as an object of study the conditions of employment and labor of agricultural technicians who work in the CRAJUBAR Triangle, (it is how is popularly called a specific territory in the region of Cariri in the Southern Ceará). Our aim was to analyze how the productive restructuring process imposed reforms to the educational systems and caused the crisis to agriculture, affecting the new graduates’s procedures and formation trajectories from the Cratocampus of the Instituto Federal do Ceará (IFCE/Crato). It is a basic research of qualitative analysis and descriptive approach in which was used as data collection instruments, the following primary sources: a) internal documents of IFCE Crato (Institutional Development Plan, Institutional Pedagogical Plan, Educational Project Course, school records of recently new graduates ones and subjects guidelines); b) questionnaires applied to teachers, businessmen and landowners; c) transcription of interviews applied to businessmen and rural producers; d) field diary (record of visits to farmers). For a characterization of the agricultural production in the Crajubar Triangle we used statistical data from IPECE and IBGE. The data which were analyzed reveled that the student’s process of technical-professional education of IFCE/Crato were influenced by the conceptions of the School-farm System and by the conventional agriculture, without taking account of studies about family agriculture (the major responsible for agricultural production in the CRAJUBAR Triangle). The chances of employment for the graduates of IFCE/Crato on medium and large range agricultural companies are very rare. The real job opportunities are in the companies of technical assistance and rural extension, which ones that aim to assist farming families to develop a model of agriculture that must be compatible to the semi arid Northeast region. However, the process of technical-professional education in IFCE/Crato is based on the effort to insert technological advances into the production processes of agribusiness. This option, on the detriment of the studies about family farming, distanced the qualification process of students of IFCE/Crato from reality of farming on the CRAJUBAR triangle, revealing the belief in the universality and neutrality of technology as if it could be simply transplanted business model to the family agricultural development model. Nevertheless, this apolitical character of the technical-professional education of IFCE/Crato adds itself to the fact of the main opportunity for integration of graduates to the labor market consist on the offering of temporary work, with flexible relations and poor working conditions offered, by a public company of the Ceará State.