Ka’a kuéraha yvakuera oje’úva. Quintais agroflorestais na Reserva Te’Yikuê em Caarapó, Mato Grosso do Sul: segurança alimentar às famílias indígenas

Abstract

The Indian reserves creation in Mato Grosso by Brazilian Stare in the early twentieth century generated enormous changes in the way of being and living in the Guarani and Kaiowá’s traditional villages. Delimiting spaces and restricting the indigenous groups’ mobility, who recognized its territory by both the natural landscape and mystical and now were unable to pass through the more than 100 kilometers of forest on either side of the border between Brazil and Paraguay, understanding just how limit by the rivers Ápa and Paraná. Currently the Guarani and Kaiowá are over 65,000 people living on 11 reserves or are landless; fit them to readjust the new social space and productive reality. Due to the anthropic pressures of non-indigenous in the formation and management of indigenous reserves and by the Indians themselves when forced to move to new areas led to intense changes in landscapes, culminating in a social, food and territorial vulnerability, beginning a serious conflict over existing land ownership in the MS state. The loss of traditional territory brought a new productive reality and also heavy losses in the fauna and flora biodiversity and the indigenous diet grounded in these three axes the food insecurity impacts directly the family units. In order to characterize the Te'yikuê Reserve Agroforestry Systems (AFS), a mixed research, was conducted from 2014 August to 2015 March with the 19 family units, using the "snowball" method. These in order to generate information on the social and productive aspects, particularly with regard to the AFS management and short cycle crops as a way to support local development alternatives. It was found that the biodiverse AFS are the homegardens type and benefit 85 people directly provide significant change of scenery, especially the established around the houses to restore the microclimates, welfare ensuring families and tereré rounds; enable polyculture following traditional production methods, improving the families diet and food security.