Mosaico carioca de áreas protegidas e a perspectiva de gestão integrada do território no contexto urbano

Abstract

The Mosaics of Protected Areas (MAP) are a recent instrument that denotes an integrated and participative management of protected areas stated under Law 9985 of July 18, 2000, which created the National Protected Areas System (SNUC). The creation of MAP is related to the existence of a set of nearby protected areas, juxtaposed or superimposed, with the aim of integrating their management, which can occur in the three spheres of government: federal, state and municipal. The Carioca Mosaic (MC), the research subject, is composed by nineteen (19) conservation units (UC) distributed between the three spheres of government. It has the particular characteristic of being inserted in a urban environment, located in Rio de Janeiro, a city that has undergone changes in its configuration generated from different interests that rarely contemplate biodiversity conservation. The aim of the research is to analyze and discuss the Mosaics of Protected Areas from the analytical category "territory", based mainly on their socio-political meaning, using as subject research the Carioca Mosaic, located in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. Through a qualitative approach, to accomplish the purpose, the following research methods were applied: literature search, secondary data analysis, questionnaires sent by email, individual semi- structured interviews and participation in events. Based on the subsidies generated from bibliographical survey, it was possible to conceptualize territory, the analytical category of this research, primarily as a physically bounded space of dispute, including natural resources (its material substrate), and also institutionally (its immaterial substrate). Considering that the MAP, as a management strategy, rely on the performance of different spheres of power (both within government and civil society organizations), and is also influenced by global and local discussions, it was considered appropriate to generate reflections from a scalar approach. From the concept of territory, the scale debate and reflections generated from other terms and ideas included in the debate about the integrated management of protected areas, critical remarks are made on the MAP. At this point, are highlighted the potentialities and the challenges in relation to MAP (in particular the MC), some stances related to differences between the vision of public management and the vision of civil society, besides the expectations of spatial transformation by social actors with greater power of influence, in the case of Rio de Janeiro, often combined with political interests in confluence with the city model set.