Nietzsche e a tragédia: crítica ao racionalismo socrático e superação da metafísica pela arte

Abstract

One of the main themes in the thinking of Nietzsche consists of his critique of the rationalism created by Socrates, which, to the detriment of the artistic form of treating life, establishes the predominance of science as the only generator of knowledge, therefore, of the truth. What he stands for is a tragic view of the world, in which art, with its characteristics, specially the appreciation of illusion and appearance, is the guider of life, including the knowledge itself. So, we see the author turn his thinking to the Pre-Socratic period, appreciating the thoughts of philosophers from that time, when life and art were not separated, since the instinct for knowledge had not spoiled them yet. The art among the Greek, specially tragedy, represents, to Nietzsche, the climax of this civilization, the will of living of these people, who, before knowing, wanted to live and who understood that knowledge must serve life, and not the other way around. Therefore, facing the issues through which his time goes, and identifying their causes in the Socratic rationalism, we see Nietzsche claim the return of a tragic era, which, following the Pre-Socratic format, would have art as its founder.