Causas de condenação de carcaças e órgãos de bovinos em frigoríficos sob serviço de inspeção federal no estado do Maranhão: tendência histórica e perdas econômicas

Abstract

The objectives of this study were the prevalence and secular trends of causes of condemnation of carcasses and organs of cattle slaughtered in Maranhão state and estimate the economic losses associated. Data sources were the five slaughterhouses under Federal Inspection Service in the state. The data were from 1 January 2002 to 31 December 2009 and were obtained in the Management Information System Federal Inspection Service in the state. The prevalence of condemnation was calculated per 100,000 cattle inspected. The chi-square for trend and linear regression were used. The chi-square was used to evaluate the significance of association between prevalence of the condemnation causes and establishment and differences between proportions of condemnation forequarters and hindquarters. The main causes of condemnation of carcasses were lesions suggestive of brucellosis and tuberculosis prevalence of 16 and 18/100,000 respectively. The historical trend in prevalence of brucellosis suggestive lesions was slightly up while in tuberculosis suggestive lesion was descending. The linear relationship between prevalence of tuberculosis and years studied was significant (p-value<0.01) but no significant difference for brucellosis (p-value = 0.53). The forequarters are more condemned than the hindquarters (p-value<0.01) and the main cause of condemnation is adenitis/lymphadenitis with prevalence of 09/100,000 and 03/100,000 for forequarters and hindquarters respectively. Traumatic injury was the second major cause of condemnation of forequarters (34x10-2) and third in hindquarters (60x10-2). Among the organs the most condemned is the lung (p=17,508/100,000) followed by kidney (10,800/100,000) while tongue (p=1,021/100,000) is the less condemned. Organs had as major condemnation cause the contamination, except lung and kidneys which had as first cause of condemnation emphysema (p=3,329/100,000) and anemic infarction (p=7,585/100,000) respectively. Historical trends condemnation of tongues, hearts, livers and head for contamination were rising. Lungs and kidneys showed historical trend contamination to condemnation downward. The cattle slaughtered under Federal Inspection Service in Maranhão State had low prevalence of condemnation for pathological causes. Lesions suggestive of brucellosis and tuberculosis are the most important causes of carcasses condemnation and cause big economic losses. Nevertheless, other causes of condemnation such as adenitis/lymphadenitis traumatic injury and contamination must be considered, mainly because of its relationship with inadequate manage on farm and slaughterhouse by operations insufficiently controlled. Although market price of organs is lower than meat, the economic losses are higher for organs condemnation than carcasses due to the large number of organs condemnation