Análise de desempenho no setor bancário brasileiro através da análise envoltória de dados (DEA)

Abstract

The objective of this study is to analyze the multicriterial performance of financial institutions in operation in Brazil during the period from 2001 to 2005. The research results searched to show a new perception about the financial performance of the banks which is not available to managers and the market in general, through the financial statements and traditional financial indexes analyses. That is, from information which would not be available for the conventional techniques, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) results, which is the methodology used for this analysis, can provide a better overview of market competitiveness conditions, as much for the top managers as for the others stakeholders. For that was conducted an analysis using leverage indicators, operational costs, immobilization, immediate liquidity, deposits levels, credit operations and yield. From the identification of the 100’s biggest banks showed in the list published by Valor Financeiro Magazine between years 2002 and 2006, the study analyzed the indicators under two aspects, plus the discussion about the modeling presented. First of all made an analysis about the institutions efficiency distributed in four segments: wholesale, middle market, financing and retail. Secondly searched to demonstrate the relative performance of the 100’s biggest all along five years, with the aim to making a competitiveness sector analysis panel. Related to the general analysis, was pointed that immobilization was the variable with biggest need of reduction to increase the efficiency of the sector, occurring a change of level in the period 2001 to the 2003 in comparison to last the two years of the research. It was also noticed that efficiency was related to low operational costs and high level yields. On the segments analysis, the wholesale banking was the most efficient and, in a general, in each segment the performance leaders were not the institutions with the highest assets. At end, it was noticed that, although the increase in banking concentration of the country, the competition degree on the pointed items of this research appear to be sufficiently high.