Pequenos roedores como hospedeiros das espécies do gênero Rickettsia em áreas endêmicas para Febre Maculosa na mesorregião de Campinas, Estado de São Paulo

Abstract

Brazilian spotted fever (BSF) is an acute infectious disease and its etiologic agent Rickettsia rickettsii is a gram negative intracellular binding and transmitted through the bite of infected ticks. In the epidemiology of spotted fever, the amplifying hosts in general are wild animals. They play an important role for developing temporary rickettsemia, thus contributing to the possibility of infection of new generations of ticks. This study aims to verify the occurrence of anti rickettsiae IgG antibodies of the spotted fever group in the serum of wild rodents. The presence of rickettsiae of the brazilian spotted fever group in fragments of the spleen of wild rodents was studied by PCR and clarify the involvement of small rodents as amplifying hosts of R. rickettsii in endemic areas in the region of Campinas in São Paulo state. Thus, we selected the municipalities of Jaguariúna, Pedreira and Piracicaba, where human been cases were detected. Through the use of one hundred traps distributed in Sharm lines, 222 rodents were captured the following species: Akodon sp 35 (15.6%), Necromys lasiurus 61 (27,1%), Calomys tener 35 (15,6%), Mus muscullus 19 (8,4%), Nectomys squamipes 1 (0,4%), Oligoryzomys nigripes 63 (28,0%), Oxymycterus nigripes 1 (0,4%), Rattus rattus 7 (3,1%). All rodents were examined, but no tick was found. We analyzed a total of 186 serum samples for antibodies of the IgG class anti-Rickettsia rickettsii, R. parkeri, R. felis, R. amblyommii, R. rhipicephali and R. bellii. It was found that 39 (20.97%) sera were reactive to at least one Rickettsia spp. with titers ranging from 1:64 to 1:512 and 147 (79.03%) were negative. The prevalence of anti R. rickettsii spp antibodies IgG found in these mice was 9.34%. Of the 186 animals examined were positive only 17 of these, 15 animals showed evidence of 1/64 and only one animal reacted to the title of 1/512.One hundred and fifty six spleens were processed by PCR and was not detected in Rickettsia spp in any of them. Considering the results presented we can conclude that small rodents are not amplifying hosts of Rickettsia of Brazilian spotted fever group in the study area.