Reservas morais: estudo do modo de vida de uma comunidade na Reserva Extrativista Marinha do Delta do Parnaíba

Abstract

This study was conducted in one of the small villages from the Parnaíba Delta Marine Extractive Reserve, the Passarinho, located in the Canaries Island. The general goal was to understand the way of life of local inhabitants in order to reflect about the management of Conservation Units of this nature. The specific goals were: to categorize local information by system (the history of occupation of the place, aspects of the productive circuits and the social relationships in the village) and to understand local meanings regarding the creation of RESEX (Extractive Reserve). As reinforcement to the theory, the study discussed the improvement of the environmental policies in Brazil and, as an example, the matter of human presence in Conservation Units, trying to understand the emergence of the concept traditional populations and its mobilization character in the political scenario. The methodological base of the dissertation was the qualitative analysis. The following procedures were carried out: bibliographical research on the covered subjects and additional information on the region; the field research: 46 interviews with local inhabitants and 2 institutional representatives and the participative observation . The study pointed out, based on the analysis of the social trajectory of inhabitants, the process of subordination with the payment of rent to the presumed land owner , the internal hierarchies to the village inhabitants and their specific ways of appropriation of land, additional fishing areas and use of natural resources. The study also pointed out the different approaches and understandings regarding the creation of RESEX and the effects of this measure, as the previously exercised rules have been suspended and new conservation rules haven`t been drafted yet. In conclusion, it was intended to subsidize the analysis of the challenges encountered by the management of protected areas in Brazil, based on a deep understanding of the traditional populations that inhabit the delta of the Parnaíba River.