Tratamento de sementes de tomate associado à microbiolização com Trichoderma spp

Abstract

This study was conducted at the Laboratory of Pathology and Epidemiology, Department of Plant Science of UFRRJ and at PESAGRO-RIO / Seropédica Experimental Station with the objective of selecting Trichoderma spp. antagonistic to Rhizoctonia in vitro; to quantify the effect of Trichoderma spp. in protecting seeds and seedlings of tomato against the attack of Rhizoctonia spp.; evaluate the effect of Trichoderma spp. in the emergence and quality of tomato seedlings developed in the presence of the pathogen and determine the macronutrient seedlings grown in a substrate inoculated with Trichoderma spp. and Rhizoctonia; study the effect of the combination of thermal and chemical treatments with microbiolization seeds with previously selected isolates of Trichoderma spp. and evaluate the survival of Trichoderma spp. in spermosphere and in the rhizosphere of seedlings. Were used isolates of Trichoderma spp, pre-selected from seeds of Santa Clara Miss Brazil , Garrafinha Vermelho and Perinha Água Branca , untreated with fungicide. Three of the isolates showed antagonistic activity in vitro and suppression of colony growth of Rhizoctonia spp. In tests of biological control under greenhouse conditions, effects of treatments were seen in the emergence, length and dry weight of shoot and root, root area of plants, teor and content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and easy recovery of Trichoderma spp. from seeds and roots of seedlings. For combination of thermal and chemical treatments of the seeds with Trichoderma spp. there went significant effects of treatments on emergence and seedling development. The seed treatment via dry heat at 70 ° C / 96 hours resulted in low germination both in Gerbox® and in the substrate, while treatments with water heated to 50 ° C for 30 minutes and with HCl 5% per 10 minutes were the least damage caused to the seeds. Seed treatment with hot water associated with isolated or TENA7 TENA16 as biological protectors resulted in good emergence and development of seedlings and saplings, as well as the association between treatment with 5% HCl for 10 minutes followed by application of Trichoderma isolate TENA7.