Tipificação e predição do comportamento agroecológico da agricultura familiar de Nova Friburgo (Rio de Janeiro, Brasil) e de Lavalle, Maipú, Guaymallén e Las Heras (Mendoza, Argentina)

Abstract

Several studies show that during the 1990s the objectives of rural development policies were centrally focused on mitigating the poverty of small farmers, in Brazil as much as in Argentina, while at the beginning of the 21st century, there were wrong agricultural policies in both countries.However, the social sectors that make up family farming have been gaining prominence in the public agenda regarding sustainable rural development, due to their greater political-institutional insertion and the reformulation of the objectives of socially-based programs for family farming.The objective of thesis was to analyze repeasantization strategy, arising from socio-agrobiodiversity practices, with family farmers in mountain environments, for this, it analyzed the realities of horticulturists and floriculturists, in Brazil and Argentina, in Região Serrana Fluminense, Nova Friburgo municipality, and Mendoza province, in the municipalities of Maipú, Lavalle, Guaymellén and Las Heras, questioning the relationship between the degree of peasantry and sustainability of agricultural practices; social organization and agency of rural development.The methodological procedure considered bibliographic and documental research, systematization and interpretation of interviews with farmers and key actors, statistical analysis and application of fuzzy methodology.Considering the above, it was observed that agroecological practices in conventional and transitional production systems are generally “invisible”, but being recognized, they can be the beginning of a dialogue for the exercise and experimentation of new practices. Thus, it is concluded that family farming in Nova Friburgo and Mendoza can contribute to the resumption of sustainability, understanding it as a process of management and social learning, supported by active organizational bases and their movements mobilized in search of another way of life, with the consumption of healthy foods and respect for the environment, following the precepts of agroecology.This thesis presents, as important research products, a mathematical model developed with the application of fuzzy logic, which can be used by external actors (research, teaching, technical assistance) to know and interpret the reality; innovative tools to identify determinant characteristics of agroecological transition, such as reflection and promotion of behavioral changes; means of supporting the planning of sustainable enterprises and contributing to characterization of the profile by farming families.