Percepção de profissionais da enfermagem sobre os aspectos psicológicos do paciente cirúrgico

Abstract

The insertion of psychologists in multidisciplinary care teams in different sectors of the hospital has expanded over the last decades. Intervening with surgical patients is one of the possibilities for this professional to act and aims to contribute to a more efficient management of emotional and behavioral reactions observed in the routine of the surgical center. The objective of the research was to investigate psychosocial aspects presented by surgical patients and their families in the perception of nursing professionals and to verify how these needs have been the focus of intervention by the multidisciplinary team. The study, which is descriptive and quanti-qualitative in nature, took place with 50 nurses and nursing technicians from the Surgical Center of a private hospital located in Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, who were asked to fill out a questionnaire online self-administered. For the closed questions, descriptive statistical analyzes were used, while the open ones were categorized according to Bardin's Content Analysis. Most of the participating professionals were female (88%), worked as nursing technicians (80%), had more than ten years of training in the area (56%) and worked in operating rooms (80%) in a scale of 12 hours of work for 36 hours of rest (62%). The most mentioned psychological aspects of adult surgical patients and companions of children undergoing surgery were anxiety (98% and 83.7%), fear (83.7% and 65.3%) and insecurity (81.6% and 44 .9%). Regarding pediatric patients, references to crying (93.9%), fear (75.5%) and psychomotor agitation (63.3%) predominated. Most respondents had contact with psychology content during the technical course (66%) or undergraduate (34%). However, some of them said they lack theoretical knowledge (42.9%) or technical skills (36.7%) to assess or intervene in the psychological aspects of patients and their families. When identifying situations of this nature, about 80% declared trying to solve the situation based on their knowledge and skills, which were built mainly during training as a person (69.4%), of their personal characteristics (67.3%) or professional experiences (61.2%). The participation of the psychologist in the care of surgical patients was seen as a lot (59.2%) or a lot (38.8%) collaboration, and this professional should act mainly in the face of emotional and behavioral changes (68%). The research contributed to a better understanding of the support to be offered by the multidisciplinary team in view of the psychosocial needs and demands of patients (adults and pediatrics) in the operating room, which is important for an increasingly comprehensive and humanized care for people who need to be submit to surgical procedures.