Doenças do sistema nervoso central de cães diagnosticadas no Setor de Anatomia Patológica da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro de 1949-2019

Abstract

This retrospective study was carried out at the Pathological Anatomy Sector of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (SAP/UFRRJ) located in the municipality of Seropédica, RJ. Clinical and pathological study of diseases of the nervous system of dogs diagnosed for 71 years (1949-2019) was performed. The necropsy records of 4991 dogs and selected. Clinical history of nervous system changes were detected in 621 cases, corresponding to 12.4% (621/4991) of the diagnoses. In 621 cases, 534 had a definitive diagnosis and 87 were inconclusive. Viral infectious diseases were diagnosed in 81% (469/621) of the cases and represented the main cause of neurological disorders. Rabies represented 62.3% (385/621) of the cases and distemper 13.5% (84/621). Rabies was the main neurological disease diagnosed in dogs in the study region between the 1950s and 1970s canine. The last canine rabies case occurred in 1982. The progressive reduction in canine rabies over the years, results in 37 years without detection were result of vaccination campaigns that started in the 1980s. The diagnoses of neurological manifestations related to neoplasms, with 2.5% (14/621) and traumatic injuries correspond to 1.1% (7/621), dividing them into encephalic traumatisms (2/7) and spinal-medullary trauma (5/7). Grouped under “other disorders”, were classified as: lymphoplasmacytic meningoencephalitis 1.3% (32/621), intervertebral disc disease 0.5% (3/621), Yorkshire necrotizing leukoencephalitis 0.3% (2/621), necrotizing meningoencephalitis 0.1% (1/621), granulomatous meningoencephalitis 0.1% (1/621), hemorrhagic infarction 0.1% (1/621) and. In developmental disorders, 0.8% (3/621) of cases of congenital hydrocephalus were observed and in the category of intoxications, 0.1% (1/621) of cases of strychnine poisoning. One of the main nurses diagnosed in this study was rabies, followed by distemper. As pathologies that affect the central nervous system of dogs, an important cause of nervous manifestations in dogs in metropolitan region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, however these are underdiagnosed in most cases. Knowledge of the etiopathogenesis is essential to create a list of differential diagnoses with the most important diseases regionally.