Urbanização e Formas de Resistência Indígena na Cidade de Campo Grande-MS: industrialização, relações de trabalho e territorialização étnica

Abstract

This thesis is a study of indigenous people in the urban context of Campo Grande, capital of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. The objective is to analyze a relationship between urbanization / indigenous proletarianization and the formation of urban villages, understood here as expressions of a process of ethnic territorialization of the city, that is, the occupation of the various spaces of the city by the indigenous people. In the final decades of the twentieth century, Campo Grande witnessed a significant growth in its indigenous population, which went in search of work and housing in the city. In this context, an industrialization of the capital of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, driven by the PRODES Law (Complementary Law No. 29, of October 25, 1999, instituted the Incentive Program for Economic and Social Development of Campo Grande which resulted in the creation of the Business Centers and the revitalization of the Industrial Nucleus and the Ring Road), met the indigenous demand, creating jobs and employment opportunities. However, the precarious and marginal insertion in the peripheries of the city, and especially the lack of housing, led the indigenous people to organize themselves and to make “occupations” in urban areas, thus consolidating the “camps”. The categories of better living conditions for staying in the city with the public authorities resulted in the formation of “urban villages”, the first being opened in 1999 and another three in the following decade. From this movement, considered here as an “ethnic awakening”, there was a process of “ethnicization” of urban spaces, that is, the indigenous presence in the political, economic, social, cultural and symbolic spaces, which translate into changes in the balance power relations.