Caracterização morfométrica de microbacias hidrográficas e atributos edáficos de fisionomias florestais no Parque Estadual de Nova Baden, MG

Abstract

State parks are integral protection units created to protect ecosystems of great environmental relevance. The best management of these Conservation Units can be achieved through the realization of forest management plans. The Forest Management Plan is a technical document through which the zoning and rules that govern the use of the area and the management of natural resources are established, including the implementation of the physical structures necessary for its management. One of the necessary steps for the realization of a correct management plan is the characterization of the physical environment, with emphasis on vegetation, climatic, topographic, geological and pedological conditions. The study of all these factors in an integrated manner can be carried out through the study of hydrographic basins. In the Conservation Units, in spite of all the protection imposed on them, transitional areas between different forest formations can often be verified, these areas being called ecotone, and there are still few studies evaluating changes in soil characteristics in these environments. Based on the above, the research project had as main objectives: a) Physiographic characterization of the Ribeirão do Melo hydrographic sub-basin; b) Evaluate the attributes of soil, litter and vegetation in a transect that includes the areas of forest and eucalyptus stands and the possible ecotone between them, identifying possible changes and c) Generating information that contributes to a better understanding of the processes ecological. As main results it was verified for the micro basins, that the low form factor indicates that the micro basins of the Nova Baden State Park are little susceptible to floods. The microbasins of the Nova Baden State Park have a small area and that of the Troncos Trail, has a higher drainage density, that is, a better response in the precipitation and flow ratio. As for the edaphic attributes, the highest carbon values were quantified in the eucalyptus area, whereas the highest stocks values were verified in the forest and eucalyptus areas, with no differences between them. It is verified that the longtime of implantation of the eucalyptus plantation as well as the process of natural succession, are contributing for the increase of the levels and carbon stocks in the soil. In the eucalyptus area, this pattern may be favored by its location, which contributes to the decomposition of organic matter to occur more slowly, providing this accumulation. There were no major differences in the fertility of the soils in the studied areas, but in the Forest area there was a greater availability of nutrients Ca, Mg and K, in contrast in the Eucalyptus area, the highest values of dynamic PA of the soil attributes were observed. in the ecotone forest-eucalyptus area it is more similar to the forest fragment in comparison to the eucalyptus stand.