Caracterização e múltiplos usos de espécies nativas da Mata Atlântica

Abstract

The research was carried out in the Vale Natural Reserve, located in the city of Sooretama, Espírito Santo state and its objective was to evaluate the wood properties of six native species, Joannesia princeps Vell., Spondias venulosa (Engl.) Engl., Copaifera lucens Dwyer, Astronium concinnum Schott ex Spreng., Handroanthus serratifolius (Vahl) S. O. Grose, and Libidibia ferrea var. parvifolia (Mart. ex Tul.) L. P. Queiroz, aiming to characterize the properties of these woods and their potential use. According to the inventory available by the company, 15 individuals were selected per species, aged between 17 and 31 years, and with the material obtained in the area, 3 logs of 2.10 m per species originating the material for the analyzes proposed. The results proved a significant correlation (R2) with resistographic analysis and the densest wood species (Handroanthus serratifolius and Libidibia ferrea var. parvifolia). The evaluation of Joannesia princeps and Astronium concinnum residues in briquetting using different pressure conditions (900, 1200 and 1500 Pound-Force per Square Inch - PSI) and addition of Kraft lignin (2, 4 and 6% in relation to the total weight) stated that the addition of 6% KL with a pressure value of 1500 PSI promoted better briquette properties (bulk density, modulus of rupture and heating values) in Joannesia princeps Vell. The Astronium concinnum (Engl.) Schott species presented distinct results, with the best ones being promoted when using 2% KL with 900 PSI, but the increase in % KL can promote better strength properties. The analysis of lignin extraction and carbohydrate conversion after the hydrothermal treatment (HTT) step using enzymatic hydrolysis (EH) and solvents in Joannesia princeps and Astronium concinnum woods showed that Route 1 resulted in greater efficiency in the removal of lignin more expressive in the species Joannesia princeps. The inclusion of the EH sequence after HTT, studied in Route 2, did not result in higher lignin removal efficiency for the two studied biomasses, but it did influence the glucan conversion yield. Joannesia princeps has greater lignin extraction potential when subjected to longer reactions at 195 °C, a fact related to chemical composition, anatomical structure and physical properties. It is noteworthy that this research contributes, but there is a need for research on Brazilian native species, from different biomes, to generate forestry data and technological properties aiming at their potential use in different industrial segments