Silagem de grão de milho reidratado com a utilização de aditivos

Abstract

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of three additives (bacterial inoculant, urea and whey) on the silage of crushed and rehydrated corn grain. Three trials were carried out in a completely randomized design, with four replicates per treatment. Two sources of crushed corn (corn A and B) purchased from local stores were used, since there was no amount necessary for making experimental silos with only one source of corn. In experiment 1, corn A was rehydrated with distilled water and / or the use of commercial bacterial inoculant (Lactobacillus plantarum, Propionibacterium acidipropionici) in the doses of: 0; 50; 75; 100; 125; and 150% of the dose recommended by the manufacturer, totaling 24 experimental units. In experiment 2, urea was used in doses: 0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0; and 2.5% of fresh matter (FM), totaling 24 experimental units. In experiment 3, corn B was rehydrated with distilled water and / or the use of whey, in the doses: 0; 25; 50; 75; and 100% replacing water, totaling 20 experimental units. The crushed grain, after application of the treatments, was packed in PVC mini-silos and compacted. The mini-silos were 50 cm high and 10 cm in diameter, fitted with lids with Bunsen-type valves, and at the bottom there was a fabric bag (TNT) containing sand for the accumulation of effluents. After 45 days of closing, the mini-silos were weighed, opened and samples were collected for chemical evaluations. Content were determined dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), mineral matter (MM), ethereal extract (EE), gross energy (GE) and total carbohydrates (CHT), pH, gas losses (GL), effluent losses (EL) and dry matter recovery (DMR). The results were analyzed for normality, by the Shapiro-Wilk test, homogeneity, by the Bartlett test and by the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with 5% significance. Regression analysis was used. Statistical analyzes were performed using the ExpDes.pt package of the RStudio® statistical software, version 3.5.3. The bacterial inoculant reduces gas losses, increases dry matter recovery and provides lower pH values. The bacterial inoculant reduces gas losses, increases dry matter recovery and provides lower pH values. Based on the observed results, it recommends the use of 100% of the dose recommended by the manufacturer. Urea increases the values of crude protein and pH, however, there is an increase in gas losses, with less recovery of dry matter. For this additive, inclusions of up to 1.18% of the MN are recommended. The use of whey was effective in reducing the pH. The 52% dose showed the lowest gas losses and the highest dry matter content