Análise do perfil de resistência antimicrobiana em bactérias isoladas de animais necropsiados na Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance is one of the three main threats to Public Health in the 21st century and must be analyzed in an integrated One Health approach, as it is a health risk shared by people, animals and the environment. Despite understanding the multifactorial origin of antimicrobial resistance, little is known about the contribution of environments aimed at the production, maintenance and care of animals in disseminating this phenomenon. Among these, the necropsy space represents a point of cohesion, being a place of extreme relevance for research and understanding of the circulation of bacterial microbiota and its resistance genes. The present study evaluated the occurrence of superbugs in samples of animals necropsied at the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, considering the priority criteria established by the World Health Organization (WHO). Of the 198 samples collected from 45 animals, being 20 companion animals, 20 production animals, and three wild ones, 325 strains were isolated, of which 51,38% (167/325) were Enterobacterales, 31,69% (103/325) Staphylococcus spp., 12,62% (41/325) Enterococcus spp., 2,46% (8/325) Streptococcus spp. and 1,85% (6/325) BGNNF. MALDI-TOF proved to be an efficient tool for bacterial identification, especially in Enterococcus spp. and Enterobacterales. The agreement between biochemical, proteomic and genotypic techniques in identifying Staphylococcus spp. was 80,58%, which confirms the importance of the association between different diagnostic methods for the characterization of this genus, leading to the correct direction of the resistance analysis. 8,74% (9/103) of Staphylococcus spp. showed phenotypic resistance indicative of PBP2a production, with detection of the mecA gene in all strains. Phenotypic resistance to vancomycin was evidenced in E. faecalis, with detection of the vanB gene. In 29,13% (30/103) of Staphylococcus spp. there was detection of the blaZ gene. 11,98% (20/167) of enterobacteria showed resistance to beta-lactams, mediated by the ESBL production, in the screening antibiogram and 80% (16/20) of them were positive in the confirmatory test. The search for genes encoding ESBL revealed the presence of blaSHV in 10,18% (17/167), blaTEM in 6,59% (11/167) and blaCTX-M-1 in 4,19% (7/167). There was no detection of carbapenemase-producing strains. No mcr genes were detected. These results reveal species characterized as critical superbugs in the necropsy environment and reinforce the need to monitor these strains in the veterinary environment, not only for the adoption of adequate control and treatment measures for the animals but also for the implementation of safe protocols for the disposal of their carcasses.