Avaliação fitotécnica da sucessão milho e gergelim em consórcio com amendoim forrageiro e proteção de quebra-vento vegetal

Abstract

The ownership of the plants cover crops, perennial or annual, on conditioning and recycling of nutrients and other environmental services is unquestionable, both in cases of large tracts as small family units of production. The inclusion of another option in the crop rotation, intercropped with perennial legume and protected by double barrier / windbreak conspire in favor of desuniformization of landscape and increase biodiversity. The experiment was conducted in Rio Verde-GO - Southwest state of Goias, in randomized blocks and four types of fertilization and two covers were tested (with and without Arachis pintoi – pintoi peanut), in two areas with and without protection barrier windbreak eucalyptus - Eucalyptus sp. and common pigeon pea - Cajanus cajan. Was monitored environmental data such as wind speed, temperature and humidity of soil and plant atmosphere, chemical aspects of the nutrient levels accumulated in the plants were monitored during the succession maize (Zea mays) and sesame - (Sesamum indicum) in the year 2012 / 2013, and physiological aspects of sesame plants, as well as the capacity to suppress weed by cover plant. Was verified that the plant cover moderates the soil temperature even at the collection depth of 0,10 m and competes for moisture in the consortium, fact slowed on the organic manure and residues in corn. In this culture, there was competition with the cover crop, this competition being overcome by the effect of the manure, and in turn, not exerting significant suppression of weeds because of the low pressure of the herbs. The dry biomass of aerial parts biomass and grain yield of sesame with protective windbreak overcame those of the unprotected area. Physiological data analyzes indicated higher leaf water potential (turgor) in the culture of sesame under the effect of protective windbreak, whose trend coincided with higher productivities in the protected area, which was attributed to the "crop comfort" or no water-stressing environmental conditioning. The dry biomass of aerial parts and grain yield of sesame with protective windbreak overcame those of the unprotected area. Physiological data analyzes indicated higher leaf water potential (turgor) in the culture of sesame under the effect of protective windbreak, whose trend coincided with higher productivities in the protected area, which was attributed to the "crop comfort" or water anti-stress environmental conditioning. The availability of P-phosphorus, through intercropping with pinto peanut, sesame plants for the dry season, was favored by the protection of the windbreak. The protective windbreak plant with average porosity of 40% reduced by more than 75% the wind speed at times of simultaneous evaluation