Aspectos clínicos, cirúrgicos e histopatológicos dos tumores mamários que acometem as fêmeas caninas atendidas no Hospital Veterinário da UFRRJ

Abstract

In veterinary medicine, the breast tumor is the most prevalent neoplasm among canine females, the incidence of malignancy is high, about half of all histopathological diagnoses. Knowledge of the pathophysiology of a disease is essential to be successful in its diagnosis, treatment and prevention; with this, several studies were carried out, reporting the predisposing factors of the disease. Tumor size, age, race, presence of regional metastasis or long distance are one of several factors leveraged. In this way, this study evaluated the clinical, surgical and histopathological aspects of the canine breast tumor treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, in the municipality of Seropédica-RJ, raising the favorable and unfavorable aspects involved in curing the disease in the scope of treatment, prognosis and prevention of canine breast cancer. Data were obtained for clinical and epidemiological evaluation of 137 canine females, mean age was 10 years, ranging from 4 to 16 years, the most prevalent breed was the animals without breed followed followed by the Poodle and Pinscher breed. Of the patients, 26% (36) were castrated, one castrated before the onset, 32% (45) reproduced, 30% (41) presented pseudociesis in their lifetime and 8% (11) used contraceptives. Most bitches had multiple tumors (84.8%), inguinal breasts (79%) and caudal abs (64%) were the most affected. Stage III had a higher frequency (33%) followed by stage I (33%), stage II (17%) and IV (11%) were the least frequent. Surgical treatment was indicated for all patients, total mastectomy, partial mastectomy and lumpectomy were performed. There were 95 histopathological reports and 191 nodules evaluated, 37% were malignant tumors, 47% benign tumors and 16% were diagnosed with pre-neoplastic or non-neoplastic lesions. However, 62% of the patients had at least one malignant nodule. Statistically the tumor size is associated with malignancy, the larger the tumor the more likely to be malignant. We were able to contact 66 patients operated on, 23 died, the mean survival was 6 months and a half. The time to seek veterinary medical attention, is still a challenge in veterinary medicine, just as it is in human medicine. Time of evolution and tumor size continues to be prognostic factors for cancer. However, high malignant neoplasm of breast can show itself in many forms and size, making the diagnosis and treatment of the disease even more challenging.