Política mineral: atores e ideias no processo de formulação do Plano de Mineração do Estado do Pará (PEM) 2014-2030

Abstract

The mining policy formulated by the government of the State of Pará in the period of 2012-2014 is presented as a possibility for social, economic development and promotion of sustainability. Given the context in which mineral activity is inserted in Pará, it is necessary to analyze the actors and interests involved, the ideas mobilized, the investments expected and whether the policy formulated reflects the interests of those involved and impacted. This research analyzed the process of formulation of the Mining Plan of the State of Pará through the theoretical reference of John Kingdon's (1995), Multiple Streams Model, in order to identify the actors and ideas involved in this policy. To achieve the purpose of this qualitative research, a thematic content analysis was carried out, based on the analytical categories (streams of problems, streams of solutions, political streams) from the theoretical model multiple streams, of the empirical data collected in 13 thematic workshops to elaborate the PEM and through 15 interviews. The analysis confirmed the hypotheses of this study that the formulation process of the Mining Plan of Pará did not include a significant participation of important actors, such as cooperatives, associations and unions of garimpeiros (small scale miners), among others. It was noted that during this process the interests of mining municipalities were partially represented. It was identified the absence of social movements and non-governmental organizations interested in mining, in addition to the absence of discussions regarding alternatives to mining during the elaboration of PEM. Thus, the PEM formulation only aggregated actors interested in the development of this activity, which shows that this policy does not break with the current model of exploitation of mineral resources in Pará.