Utilizando uma heurística GRASP para o problema de rotação de culturas

Abstract

One of the central focuses in plant production, discussed lately, is measures aimed at sustainable and ecological planning. Crop rotation is an advantageous technique of varying crops in the same planting area at different times. Each culture has a certain time when its cultivation can be realized and using this method of rotation, several crops can be planted in one place. This practice has many benefits, since the control of pests and weeds is carried out biologically, reducing the action of harmful pesticides to the environment and soil recovery measures. The planning of the crops to be planted is a complex, combinatorial and difficult problem, due to the set of constraints. The objective of this work is to propose and implement a heuristic to simulate the rotation of crops, so that the farmer can plan the crops to be planted at each time and in each lot during the year(s). For this, a heuristic was constructed using Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedures (GRASP) metaheuristics. It is an iterative method that has two phases. The first phase generates an initial solution and from this, in the second phase, local searches are carried out in order to improve the solution found. The results obtained in this study can help farmers to make better use of their soil, planting area, avoiding crop wear, producing a larger variety of crops, increasing their production and income.