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dc.creatorRamos, Letícia Maria Alves-
dc.creator.Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/8320926033901244por
dc.contributor.advisor1Latorraca, João Vicente de Figueiredo-
dc.contributor.advisor1Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/9612404360795583por
dc.contributor.advisor-co1Lima, Helena Regina Pinto-
dc.contributor.advisor-co1Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/4257528232125062por
dc.contributor.referee1Latorraca, João Vicente de Figueiredo-
dc.contributor.referee2Carvalho, Alexandre Monteiro de-
dc.contributor.referee3Hüther, Cristina Moll-
dc.contributor.referee4Baraúna, Edy Eime Pereira-
dc.contributor.referee5Alves, Rejane Costa-
dc.date.accessioned2021-07-19T12:15:13Z-
dc.date.issued2018-02-23-
dc.identifier.citationRAMOS, Letícia Maria Alves. Estudos anatômicos, ultraestruturais e topoquímicos do lenho de seringueiras provenientes de floresta natural. 2018. 49 f.. Tese( Doutorado em Ciências Ambientais e Florestais) - Instituto de Florestas, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro,Seropédica-RJ, 2018. .por
dc.identifier.urihttps://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/4854-
dc.description.resumoO lenho de reação nas angiospermas caracteriza-se principalmente pela presença de fibras gelatinosas, que são fibras diferenciadas com uma camada interior espessa e altamente celulósica, conhecida como camada gelatinosa. A presença e severidade do lenho de reação pode ser influenciada pelo estímulo gravitacional quando a árvore tem seus ramos e tronco desviados de seu eixo natural, como em terrenos acidentados, ação de fortes ventos, indução artificial, injúrias, entre outros. No caso da seringueira, é possível que a atividade exploratória do látex possa influenciar na atividade do câmbio e, consequentemente, na formação desse tipo de fibras. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar indivíduos de Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Mull. Arg. a fim de caracterizar a estrutura do lenho de árvores nativas que passaram por exploração de látex, bem como caracterizar a química e distribuição de lignina, e ultraestrutura da parede celular de fibras gelatinosas. Para tanto, foram coletadas amostras do xilema de indivíduos de seringueira na Fazenda Experimental de Catuaba, localizada em Senador Guiomard – AC (67.62711 O; 10.08433 S). Na caracterização anatômica, foram avaliados o comprimento das fibras (não-gelatinosas e gelatinosas); diâmetro total e diâmetro do lume de fibras não-gelatinosas; diâmetro e frequência dos elementos de vaso; largura, altura e frequência de raios e a proporção de tecidos. Foram observadas diferenças entre a estrutura anatômica de árvores exploradas e não-exploradas às características quantitativas. Apenas as variáveis comprimento de fibra gelatinosa; diâmetro do lume das fibras; frequência de raios, e proporção de elementos de vaso e raios não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas significativas. As observações mais importantes foram o aumento da largura e altura de raios nas árvores extraídas, bem como as maiores proporções de fibras gelatinosas nas árvores não-extraídas. Para a análise da ultraestrutura da parede celular das fibras, foram utilizados microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET), os quais revelaram que as fibras não-gelatinosas apresentam a típica configuração P + S1 +S2 + S3, enquanto as fibras gelatinosas apresentaram a configuração P + S1 +S2 + G, com a camada G apresentando estrutura lamelada. A análise química procedeu-se com testes histoquímicos de Wiesner e Mäule, e microespectroscopia por transformada de Fourier (FT-IR). O teste de Wiesner, pela coloração apresentada, mostrou indícios de um menor teor de lignina no material. A camada gelatinosa G não corou, indicando nenhuma ou muito pouca lignificação nesta porção da parede. O teste de Mäule revelou a presença de unidades guaiacil (G) na lignina, resultado que se alinhou com a análise FT-IR. Os espectros mostraram maiores intensidades para as bandas referentes às unidades G nas fibras gelatinosas que nas fibras não-gelatinosas. A relação S/G indicou que as unidades G e unidades S da lignina apresentam proporções parecidas, diferentemente do encontrado na literatura para essa espécie.por
dc.description.abstractThe reaction wood in the angiosperms is characterized primarily by the presence of gelatinous fibers, which are differentiated fibers with a thick and highly cellulosic inner layer, known as tgelatinous layer. The presence and severity of the reaction wood can be influenced by the gravitational stimulus when the tree has its branches and trunk deviated from its natural axis, as in slopes, action of strong winds, artificial induction, injuries, and others. In the case of rubbertree, it is possible that the latex tapping may influence the cambium activity, leading to the formation of this type of fibers. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Mull. Arg. trees in order to characterize the wood structure of native trees that have passed through latex exploitation, as well as characterize the chemistry and distribution of lignin, and ultrastructure of the gelatinous fibers cell wall. For this purpose, samples of xylem were collected from rubbertrees at the Fazenda Experimental Catuaba, located in Senador Guiomard - AC (67.62711 W; 10.08433 S). In the anatomical characterization, fiber length (non-gelatinous and gelatinous); total diameter and lume diameter of non-gelatinous fibers; diameter and frequency of vessel elements; width, height and frequency of rays and tissue proportion were evaluated. Differences were observed between the anatomical structure of tapped and untapped trees to the quantitative characteristics. Only gelatinous fiber length; fiber lumen diameter; frequency of rays, and proportion of vessel elements and rays did not show significant statistical differences. The most important observations were the increase of ray width and height in the tapped trees, as well as the greater proportions of gelatinous fibers in the untraped ones. For the observation of the fiber cell wall ultrastructure, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used, which revealed that the non-gelatinous fibers present the typical configuration P + S1 + S2 + S3, while the gelatinous fibers presented the configuration P + S1 + S2 + G, in wich G layer presented a lamellar structure. The chemical analysis was performed by histochemical tests of Wiesner and Mäule, and Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (FT-IR). The staining presented in Wiesner test showed evidence of a lower lignin contente. The gelatinous layer G did not stain, indicating none or insignificant lignification in this portion of the wall. The Mäule test revealed the presence of guaiacil (G) units in the lignin, a result that was aligned with the FT-IR analysis. The spectra showed higher intensities for the bands assigned to G units in the gelatinous fibers than observed in non-gelatinous fibers. The S / G ratio indicated that the lignina G and S units had similar proportions, unlike that found in the literature for this specieseng
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dc.description.sponsorshipCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESpor
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dc.languageporpor
dc.publisherUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiropor
dc.publisher.departmentInstituto de Florestaspor
dc.publisher.countryBrasilpor
dc.publisher.initialsUFRRJpor
dc.publisher.programPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Florestaispor
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Anatomy and lignin distribution of reaction wood in two Magnolia species. Wood Science and Technology, v. 34, n. 3, p. 183–196, 2000.por
dc.rightsAcesso Abertopor
dc.subjectHevea brasiliensispor
dc.subjectfibras gelatinosaspor
dc.subjectparede celularpor
dc.subjectligninapor
dc.subjectHeveaeng
dc.subjectgelatinous fiberseng
dc.subjectcell walleng
dc.subjectlignineng
dc.subject.cnpqRecursos Florestais e Engenharia Florestalpor
dc.titleEstudos anatômicos, ultraestruturais e topoquímicos do lenho de seringueiras provenientes de floresta naturalpor
dc.title.alternativeAnatomical, ultrastructural and topochemical studies of rubber trees from natural foresteng
dc.typeTesepor
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