Eficiência produtiva da agricultura fluminense em ambientes de montanha

Abstract

The agrarian history of Rio de Janeiro helps to understand and shows that the cultural hybridizations potentialized with the public policy of colonization with nineteenth-century immigrants, contemplated mountain environments and contributed to its agrobiodiversity. These regions today have an important role in food production in that state. The objective of this work was to analyze the efficiency and seek to understand the dynamics of the fluminense agricultural production, using quantitative variables, with emphasis in the agrobiodiversity. The Data Envelopment Analysis methodology was chosen for calculation of efficiency indices, since it allows a multidimensional analysis, it does not require subjective decisions for weight assignments, and it is possible to incorporate the selected variables and to facilitate the desired evaluation. Two output-oriented DEA-BCC models were applied. Area cultivated in hectares, machine hours, man days and total external inputs in reais were the inputs; different number of items produced and billing in reais, the outputs. The study was divided into three chapters, the first was a review of literature about agro-environmental history of the region studied, highlighting the characteristics and policies that contributed to the current state of agriculture in the Rio de Janeiro state. In the second chapter, in a macro analysis, it was verified the distribution of the efficiency indices revealed, as a function of the altitudes, of the eighty-five producing municipalities, throughout the state, in the year 2015. The results showed that of the twelve municipalities identified as efficient, eleven (91,7%) practice agriculture in mountain environments. The third chapter deals with a case study of a group of farmers, where the behavior of the efficiency of productive units was evaluated, along the months of the year, in Teresópolis. This municipality presented a prominent position in the macro analysis described in the second part of this work. Thus, in the Agroecological Association of Teresópolis (AAT), there were identified the farmers with the best practices, allowing understanding the strategies that contributed to stability of the efficiency, over time. Interactions between agricultural crops can optimize the usage of space, labor, machinery and inputs. The proposed evaluation system valued and acknowledged the work of the farmers and their performance, and can contribute to improve efficiency, disseminate good practices of efficient producers, assist management and direct public policies for the improvement of agriculture and its relations between production, environment and commercialization.