Gestão e controle social no Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar: casos no território rural da Baía de Ilha Grande - RJ

Abstract

The thesis mainly aims to analize, under the sight of social management and social control, the public policy towards the procurement of familiar agriculture products through the National Program of School Feeding (PNAE), in the Rural Territory of Ilha Grande Bay – RJ (BIG). Such goal assumes the public policies as a way to promote social and economic equality, the fight against poverty and guarantee of civil, political and social rights, taking the familiar agriculture as reference. However, so as to glimpse such potential for social changing, it goes through the democratization of public spaces and their institutions. This way, the deliberation actions from the civil society actors and from the public authorities are source for legitimation over the decision making that provides an inclusive development. Based on such discussion, the research started out from three assumptions: (1) public policies directed to familiar agriculture aim to socially and economically include the family farmers, contributing to the sustainable growth of a territory; (2) the social management and social control practices in public policies allow a pact between the State, the Market and civil society, creating new links which enable the dialogicity and the deliberation power among these actors; and (3) the fragility of the institutional structure in the counties make the implementation of public policies difficult, as well as the participation conditions of the civil society over the decision making process. The research, in its methodological procedures, was of qualitative nature, which was based on the study of cases in the cities of Mangaratiba, Paraty and Seropédica, which integrate the BIG. For information collecting, there were bibliographic, documentary and field searches. For this last one there were used semi-structured interviews with actors from the State and the civil society. The treatment of the information collected was through the content analysis technique starting from the making of analysis’ categories. The ranking counted on three criteria: institutional arrangements, participative entities and effectiveness. The results from the analysis of the three counties point that the PNAE show potential to improve the living conditions of family farmers, becoming relevant to the sustainable development process. In this case, the social participation through social management and social control becomes an essential element for the protagonism of the civil society representations in the decision making progress over the formulation and implementation of PNAE policy, contributing to the family farmers’ search for social emancipation. However, the family agriculture inclusion in the PNAE needs a complex institutional arrangement that demands structures and capacities from the federal and municipal spheres to attend a still-marginalized sector, which singly does not show conditions of mobilization to resist and fight for its rights. Accordingly, the existing institutional fragilities in the cities turn the policy’s effectiveness difficult, as well as its operation due to the participation instances.