Efeito do consumo materno de dieta hiperlipídica sobre o remodelamento e metabolismo do ventrículo esquerdo na prole de ratos ao desmame

Abstract

Overweight in women of childbearing age and during pregnancy has consequences of fetal and adult life of offspring. This fact has been demonstrated through studies with experimental models of maternal obesity. Previous data from our group showed that maternal consumption of a high fat diet (HF) induced, at weaning, increase body mass of offspring, adiposity and hyperleptinemia. Cardiac function at 30 days of life showed lower systolic function (decreased ejection fraction and increased final systolic volume). These data demonstrate that the maternal consumption of the high fat diet promotes early changes in the cardiac function of rats regardless of sex of the offspring. This study aimed to investigate if maternal consumption of HF diet can alters cardiac structure or metabolism in male and female at weaning. For this purpose, Wistar female rats consumed control (9% lipids, C group) or HF diet (29% lipids, HF group) for 7 consecutive weeks before mating and during pregnancy and lactation. At weaning, 21 days-old, puppies were weighted and euthanized by cardiac puncture. Heart and white adipose tissues (retroperitoneal, inguinal and perigonadal) were weighted. Histological (Hematoxilin-Eosin) and biochemical (TLC and HPLC) analysis were performed using LV samples. The ventricular expression of Irβ and PI3K receptors were analysed by Western blotting (Protocol IBCCF- 114, UFRJ). HF offspring had higher body weight, adiposity and cardiac hypertrophy. Among the neutral lipids measured (monoacylglycerol, cholesterol, esterified cholesterol, triacylglycerol, fatty acids and phospholipids) the cholesterol was decreased in male HF offspring (13%), whereas the esterified cholesterol was decreased in male (52%) and female (29%) HF offspring. The triacylglycerol content was increased in both sexes of the HF offspring (52% in male and 48% in female). The quantification of the organic acids (oxaloacetic, lactic and succinic acid) did not show any alteration between C and HF offspring. There were no difference in the cardiac expression of the Irβ and PI3K receptors. These results suggest that the maternal consumption of high fat diet changes the morphology of LV cardiomyocytes and the cardiac metabolism in rats regardless of the sex of the offspring, which can explain the decreased systolic function observed in juvenile rats