Gestão inclusiva de áreas protegidas: um olhar a partir do Mosaico Central Fluminense

Abstract

The present research proposed as object of study the goal of territorial inclusive management in the Brazilian public policy of Protected Areas’ Mosaics, through conceptual, regulatory and practical aspects. The analysis was carried out on a case in the Mosaico Central Fluminense, a governance approach installed in a determined territory within the State of Rio de Janeiro. Thisdiffuse instance has as one of its purposes implementing integrated and participative management of conservation units for sustainable development in the territory under its jurisdiction. Through the analysis of documents such as the Mosaic Strategic Planning and the minutes of its Management Council, it was possible to identify the different actors involved in its implementation, the possible political interests and social relation between different levels of public administration, civil society organizations and main groups or individuals of the territory. Therefore, was registered the historical context that shows the social and political conditions observed in order to identify the main factors that affect and are affected by the creation of protected areas, and then understand the relation between the two actors posed by this establishment. This conceptual, normative and documentary context gave foundation to conduct 16 interviews on both sides put by the creation of protected areas: management and technical teams versus populations around these delimitated areas. This situation was discussed through the speeches of participants, analyzing the access to knowledge about the policy and guidelines of the public policy; the level of participation of the people in decision making processes and activities of the PAs; the incorporation of the populations’ demands and knowledge in the guidelines and actions within the Mosaic; and the quality of the relation between public managers and the communities inside the territory. The analysis pointed: difficulties of establishing a dialogue between these two actors of the territory, observing both factors due to global sense of nature protection and to local historical characteristics that may interfere with this process and identifying those that may contribute to the strengthening of this relationship; was detected institutional guidelines and coletive and individual interests on both sides posed by the research condition, for improving this relationship. The research results had the ultimate conclusion that the policy of Protected Areas’ Mosaics, despite officially promoting inclusion in PA management, faces social-cultural and political barriers that hinders this line of direction to occur.