Estudo de mexilhões Perna perna diagnosticados com Cryptosporidium spp. destinados ao consumo humano indicando contaminação ambiental

Abstract

The Cryptosporidium genus has species capable of infecting various host animals, both domestic and wild as well as man, and the only way to transmit the infective oocysts intake, which can occur through the contaminated food and water. Sources of contamination such as water drainage of the animal faeces, the use of organic fertilizers and the release of part or untreated sewage contamination favor of various aquatic environments by this parasite since the oocysts are eliminated in the feces of the host. In the seas the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. directly affects the quality of fish such as mussels present in the Brazilian coast and is therefore limiting the consumption of food. The study aimed to: diagnose and characterize genetically type (s) and / or genotype (s) of Cryptosporidium in mussels taken from rocky shores at two locations, Lage Preta and Saco´s Beach, in the Mangaratiba city, State of Rio de Janeiro, performing the sequencing and phylogenetic analyzes, including the deposit of Cryptosporidium sequences from GenBank, to correlate the presence of the parasite with the index of rainfall in the region and to establish possible risks of eating mussels, by identifying the genotype (s) and / or specie (s) with zoonotic potential. Were collected monthly from March 2009 to February 2010 totaling 12 samples. During data collection, 30 animals were separated from each location and divided into three groups of 10 animals each, totaling 72 samples. For the analyzes, the DNA extracted from tissues of mussels was used in the amplification of sequences 18SSU rRNA by nested-PCR technique. For species identification, the amplicons were sent for sequencing. During all the study samples was possible to diagnose mussels Cryptosporidium positive for at least one of the study sites. It was possible to identify three species C. andersoni, C. meleagridis and C. parvum in samples obtained from two locations of mussels, by observing the similarity when compared to existing sequences in GenBank. It is possible the occurrence of human cryptosporidiosis by the consumption of mussels, raw or partially cooked, from the city of Mangaratiba. Statistical analysis showed no influence of rain in positivity of the samples of mussels for Cryptosporidium. With these results we conclude that there is likelihood of human exposure through ingestion of mussels from the region studied.